Некоторые пути грамматикализации глагола болох / болохо / болха / болх ‘становиться, делаться; быть’ в монгольских языках

Introduction. The article discusses some ways of grammaticalization of the verb bolokh / bolokho / bolha / bolh ‘become, make; be’ in Mongolic languages (Mongolian, Buryat, Oirat and Kalmyk). This verb acts as an auxiliary component in composite predicates, and also functions in the system of service parts of speech to form postpositions and conjunctions. The phenomenon of grammaticalization reflects the dynamics of linguistic processes occurring at the junction of the significant and official functioning of words. The results of studying various lexical units as sources of grammatical indicators significantly expand the understanding of the functioning of grammatical systems in a language. Goals. The research aims at describing the ways of grammaticalization of verbs in Mongolic languages through the example of the verb bolokh / bolokho / bolha / bolh ‘become, make; be’. Materials. The paper analyzes literary, folklore, journalistic texts extracted from the corpora of the examined national languages ​​(Mongolian, Buryat and Kalmyk), as well as data from respective dictionaries. Results. The study shows that the verb bolokh / bolokho / bolha / bolh ‘become, make; be’ is undergoing various changes. In the formation of compound nominal and verbal predicates, it is used as an auxiliary verb. As a result of grammaticalization, there are indicators of the categories of time and modality, classes of words that denote various semantic concepts. The verb can express various modal meanings (assumption, obligation, intention, opportunity, prohibition, etc.). As a result of grammaticalization, modal words derived from the given verb are quite often in Mongolic languages. The adverbial and participial forms of this verb are actively used as official words. The analysis reveals that the meanings of most postpositions and conjunctions in Mongolic languages coincide. But there are also those characteristic only of certain languages. Some words lose their ancient primordial meanings, while others acquire additional ones that rest on their main seme.

ON THE ROLE OF SERVICE PARTS OF SPEECH IN LEXICOGRAPHICAL BILINGUALISM (FROM MATERIALS OF THE EDITING LEZGIN-RUSSIAN DICTIONARY)

The paper deals with the question of the role and significance of service parts of speech both in Lezghin and Russian parts of bilingual Lezghin-Russian dictionary. Prepositions, unions, particles, as well as service morphemes, prefixes and endings play no less important role in lexicography than significant parts of speech. Interference phenomena in Dagestan linguistics affect all language levels both in oral and written forms. The root cause of this phenomenon is the diversity of languages. The following factual and logical examples from the hand-written version of the Lezghin-Russian dictionary that we are editing clearly demonstrate the phenomena of interference in the service parts of speech, inadequate translations into Russian that cannot take place in lexicographical works.

Development of High Speed Train Door System for Improving Maintenance

The train door of the high speed train currently operation in Korea is consist of 46 train set(1,656 units) and they are all made up of imports. The problem is that it is difficult to service parts at the right time for breakdown or replacement as parts are imported. Moreover, it is difficult to secure service parts when they are discontinued due to characteristics of imported parts, this leads to an increase in overall maintenance cost. As a result, the Korea Railroad Corporation has developed localization of the high speed train door system and currently progress the on-track test to verify reliability. In this paper, the design and production process of development product and result of performance test are summarized. In addition, the technical improvement of the developed product compared to the existing product was confirmed and the method for securing the reliability was considerate.