Restorative Regulation of Human Rights Compliance Considering the Treatment of Prisoners in the Philippines

<p>The focus of this thesis is the ill-treatment of prisoners in the Philippines, the realities of which reflect the failings of the international human rights framework more generally. This framework is examined and evaluated in terms of how it can better facilitate compliance, and the proper treatment of Filipino prisoners specifically. To that end, this thesis considers poor regulatory performance in terms of compliance theory and interdisciplinary international legal scholarship. On this basis, it proposes the employment of restorative justice, which seeks to avoid regulatory ritualism on the one hand and imperialism on the other, and seeks to enhance human rights compliance in an empowering, relational way.</p>

Restorative Regulation of Human Rights Compliance Considering the Treatment of Prisoners in the Philippines

<p>The focus of this thesis is the ill-treatment of prisoners in the Philippines, the realities of which reflect the failings of the international human rights framework more generally. This framework is examined and evaluated in terms of how it can better facilitate compliance, and the proper treatment of Filipino prisoners specifically. To that end, this thesis considers poor regulatory performance in terms of compliance theory and interdisciplinary international legal scholarship. On this basis, it proposes the employment of restorative justice, which seeks to avoid regulatory ritualism on the one hand and imperialism on the other, and seeks to enhance human rights compliance in an empowering, relational way.</p>

Application of Risk Assessment While Assigning the Surface Width of Multi-Lane Roads

Постановка задачи. Рассматривается задача назначения ширины покрытия многополосных дорог на основе риск-ориентированного подхода в соответствии с Федеральным законом Российской Федерации № 184-ФЗ «О техническом регулировании». Результаты. Впервые представлена применимость алгоритма оценки риска взаимодействия транспортных средств на многополосных дорогах на примере назначения требуемой ширины шестиполосной автомагистрали. На основе оценок риска решены следующие проблемы: определены требуемые параметры ширины покрытия для нормативных документов; установлены допустимые величины ширины покрытия при проектировании автомагистралей; даны рекомендации по совершенствованию поперечного профиля существующих автомобильных дорог при капитальном ремонте и реконструкции. Выводы. Установлено, что в нормативных документах по проектированию шестиполосных автомобильных дорог при проектном составе транспортных средств следует предусмотреть изменение нормированной ширины покрытия, увеличив ее до значения, при котором риск столкновения автомобилей не превысит допустимой величины 1⸱10. Statement of the problem. The problem of ensuring the safety of vehicles on a multi-lane roadway of the required width of coverage is considered on the basis of a risk-oriented approach, in accordance with the Federal law of the Russian Federation No. 184-FZ «on Technical Regulation». Results. The authors presented the applicability of the algorithm to assess the risk of interaction of vehicles on six-lane highways for determining regulatory performance; the required values of surfacing thickness for the design have been identified; recommendations on the improvement of the transverse profile when major repairs and reconstruction have been provided. Conclusions. It was found that in normative documents for designing six-lane roads, the design vehicle should provide the change of normalized coating thickness, increasing it to values where the risk of collision of vehicles does not exceed the permissible value.

The Effect of Regulatory Performance on Economic Growth

The World Bank Group (2018b) announced that the upper-middle-income economies (UMIE) tend to fall into a middle-income trap position for a long period. This usually happens when countries are not progressing economically at a promising rate and are unable to catch up with the developmental pace of high-income economies (HIE). One of the main contributing factors to this situation is the weak regulatory performance of these countries. Since the regulatory environment in these countries were far from conducive, businesses were reluctant to start up or even operate there. When this happens, UMIE will find it even more difficult to move up from their current economic level as most investors would already be disinterested to invest in a country whose economy is stagnated¬¬¬. Based on these arguments, regulatory performance is considered as one of the most vital factors that determine the financial progression and stability of a nation. Nevertheless, this variable is often overlooked in previous economic growth literature. Hence, this study aims to examine the important role of regulatory performance in accelerating the economic growth of 30 upper-middle-income economies countries within the timeframe of 2000 to 2018. Keywords: middle-income trap, upper-middle-income economies, regulatory performance, economic growth, system GMM

A Proposed Regulatory Review Model to Support the South African Health Products Regulatory Authority to Become a More Efficient and Effective Agency

Background: National regulatory agencies of various sizes and maturity levels, including the South African Health Products Regulatory Authority (SAHPRA), have had to revise systems and re-engineer processes in order to adapt to the new regulatory environment and increase the effectiveness of regulatory operations. This study aimed to develop a new regulatory review model for improved regulatory performance, underpinned by the parameters of the World Health Organization Global Benchmarking Tool (WHO GBT) that support strengthening of regulatory systems. Methods: A new enhanced model for regulatory review, was developed based on the key recommendations from 6 studies, previously conducted by the authors, that were identified as fundamental elements in enhancing regulatory performance. The elements selected to define the new regulatory review model were endorsed through the integration of the parameters of the WHO GBT that, when embedded within regulatory systems, support enhanced regulatory performance. Results: Opportunities for improvement in regulatory performance were identified and include quality measures; monitoring and evaluating review times; a risk-based evaluation; transparency and communication; and training and education. An improved model for the South African regulatory review and benefit-risk (BR) assessment supported by quality decision-making was proposed as well as recommendations for the application of risk-stratification strategies, strengthening of reliance networks, reinforcing good regulatory practices (GRPs) and enhancing transparency. Conclusion: If implemented the proposed improved regulatory model may pave the way towards more efficient and transparent, streamlined review processes, coupled with increased consistency, evidence-based decision-making practices, reduced timelines and improved patients’ access to new medicines in South Africa.