Balance of sugarcane plantation land needs in Lamongan Regency in 2031 based on land-use changes using SPOT imagery

The volume of Indonesia's sugar imports in 2019 reached 4,09 million tons. The high volume of imports was influenced by the decreasing area of sugarcane plantations. Lamongan Regency is one of the sugarcane and sugar-producing regencies in East Java. Sugarcane and sugar production in Lamongan Regency has experienced quite diverse dynamics and has been influenced by changes in land-use conditions. This study aims to analyze the balance of land needs for sugarcane plantations in Lamongan Regency in 2031 based on an analysis of land-use changes using SPOT imagery of 2007, 2013, and 2019. The study was conducted by analyzing land-use changes, population projections, and land demand balance analysis for sugarcane plantations. The results of the analysis showed that the population of Lamongan Regency in 2031 is projected to reach 1.419.843 people with a land requirement for sugarcane plantations of 2.362,29 ha. There will be a land surplus of 1.276,92 ha but it is still concentrated in 7 of the 27 sub-districts. Sugarcane plantations in Lamongan Regency have the potential to be developed considering that the land allocation for plantations in the Lamongan Regency Spatial Plan of 2011-2031 reaches 10.022,42 ha.

Assessing the Impacts of Streamside Ordinance Protection on the Spatial and Temporal Variability in Urban Riparian Vegetation

Preserving riparian vegetation is important for maintaining water quality and riparian functions. Streamside protection ordinances have been widely established in many rapidly urbanizing areas, however, there has been a lack of assessment of the effectiveness of such ordinances. A study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of riparian vegetation preservation with and without ordinance protection. SPOT imagery was used to classify landscape changes over time (1992 through 2012) across multiple jurisdictions and pre- and post-ordinance implementation periods. Results indicated the spatial and temporal patterns of vegetation change differed by administrative areas and ordinance boundaries. The rate of tree loss and gains in developed lands in ordinance-protected areas generally increased following implementation of ordinances but at a lower rate than in non-ordinance areas. These findings suggest spatial and temporal monitoring of riparian ordinance implementation across adjacent jurisdictions is important to ensure the full effects of the ordinance protection on stream systems. Such monitoring and assessments can be used by local decision makers to adapt existing ordinances or in the development of new ordinances.

WETLAND CLASSIFICATION FOR BLACK DUCK HABITAT MANAGEMENT USING COMBINED POLARIMETRIC RADARSAT 2 AND SPOT IMAGERY

The black duck population has decreased significantly due to loss of its breeding habitat. Wetlands are an important feature that relates to habitat management and requires monitoring. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) systems are helpful to map the wetland as the microwave signals are sensitive to water content and can be used to map surface water extent, saturated soils, and flooded vegetation. In this study, RadarSat 2 Polarimetric data is employed to map surface water and track changes in extent over the years through image thresholding and reviewed different approaches of Polarimetric decompositions for detecting flooded vegetation. Also, object-based analysis associated with beaver activity is conducted with combined multispectral SPOT satellite imagery. Results show SAR data has proven ability to improve mapping open water areas and locate flooded vegetation areas.

COMPARISON OF SPOT AND LANDSAT DATA IN CLASSIFYING WETLAND VEGETATION TYPES

The aim of this study was to compare the performances of Landsat and SPOT imagery to map wetland vegetation types in the Klipsriviersberg Nature Reserve, South Africa. The Gauteng Conservation Plan 3.3 (C-Plan 3) was used to delineate the boundaries of the wetlands in the study area. According to the plan, the proposed study area falls within the Critical Biodiversity Areas (CBA) and Ecological Support Areas (ESA). Limited field data were collected within the boundaries of the wetlands during summer 2015 when the vegetation cover was relatively high. These data identified features including sparse vegetation, dense vegetation, grassland and bare land.Additional samples were added from Google Earth image to increase sample size. Both the field data and Google Earth data were used as reference against which the performances of SPOT and Landsat product were compared. Unsupervised classification was used to classify SPOT and Landsat images acquired in summer 2015. The results showed that overall accuracy of SPOT images is higher than Landsat images. This is attributed to its high spatial resolution of 1.5 m compared to 30 m spatial resolution of Landsat imagery. This indicates that SPOT imagery is recommended to map wetland vegetation diversity in a localised area such as the study area. The current high temporal resolution of the image has also an added advantage that conservationists should exploit.