EFFECTS OF DEMOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE IN GROWTH ACCOUNTING AND LABOUR MARKET DECOMPOSITIONS

Impact of demographic structure on labor market and macroeconomic aggregates might be pronounced in some countries. Despite this fact, only a handful of approaches dealing with quantifications such effects have been derived so far. The aim of this paper is therefore to fill this methodological gap and to introduce methodological approaches for capturing changes in demographic structure, with many applications in growth accounting and labor market decompositions. Firstly, a novel additive decomposition will be presented, as an alternative to traditional models using fixed population weights. This will be followed by the presentation of a multiplicative decomposition, which can be applied to all kinds of growth accounting exercises based on multiplicative identities.

Permutable Symmetric Hadamard Matrices in Quaternion Algebra and Engineering Applications

In this paper, aiming to develop the group and out-of-group formalization of the symmetry concept, the preservation of a matrix symmetry after row permutation is considered by the example of the maximally permutable \emph{normalized} Hadamard matrices which row and column elements are either plus or minus one. These matrices are used to extend the additive decomposition of a linear operator into symmetric and skew-symmetric parts using several commuting operations of the Hermitian conjugation type, for the quaternionic generalization of a vector cross product, as well as for creating educational puzzles and other applications.

Assessment of local and non–local turbulent flow components on turbulence–flame interaction

In the framework of turbulence-flame interaction, the flame is characterized by the gradient of a reactive scalar such as the progress variable, whereas the turbulence is represented by the vorticity and the strain rate. Quantitative assessment of this interaction is performed trough the study of the coupled transport between these quantities that are subject to the effects of heat release and chemical reactions. The present analysis aims at improving the understanding of the small scale turbulence – flame interaction properties, through the introduction of an additive decomposition of the strain rate and vorticity fields into their local and non-local components. The respective role of the local and non-local effects is studied for a broad range of Karlovitz numbers, by virtue of direct numerical simulations (DNS) of turbulent, premixed, lean, and statistically planar flames of methane-air. In the conditions of the present study, the alignment between flame front normals and the strain rate is found to be dominated by the local contribution from the strain rate tensor.

Effects of Demographic Structure in Labour Market Decompositions

Impact of demographic structure on labor market and macroeconomic aggregates might be pronounced in some countries. Despite this fact, only a handful of approaches dealing with quantifications such effects have been derived so far. The aim of this paper is therefore to fill this methodological gap and to introduce methodological approaches for capturing changes in demographic structure, with many applications in growth accounting and labor market decompositions. Firstly, a novel additive decomposition will be presented, as an alternative to traditional models using fixed population weights. This will be followed by the presentation of a multiplicative decomposition, which can be applied to all kinds of growth accounting exercises based on multiplicative identities.JEL classificationJ11; C02

Electrostrictive polymer plates as electro-elastic material surfaces: Modeling, analysis, and simulation

In this article we discuss modeling of electrostrictive polymer plates as electro-elastic material surfaces. A complete direct approach is developed without the need to involve the three-dimensional formulation. Ponderomotive forces and couples as well as constitutive coupling by means of electrostriction are accounted for. We propose a rational formulation for the augmented free energy of electro-elastic material surfaces incorporating electrostriction by a multiplicative decomposition of the surface stretch tensor and an additive decomposition of the surface curvature tensor into elastic and electrical parts. Numerical results computed within the framework of this complete direct approach are compared to results computed with a method that requires the numerical integration of the three-dimensional augmented free energy through the thickness of the plate and to alternative formulations reported in the literature.

Three-dimensional plasticity with isotropic hardening

This chapter provides an introduction to isotropic hardening plasticity models in the three-dimensional small strain setting. The additive decomposition of the strain is introduced along with the concepts of plastic strain and equivalent tensile plastic strain for three-dimensional problems. Plastic flow is discussed and defined, and a complete model of plasticity is formulated with Kuhn-Tucker loading/unloading conditions. Both rate independent and rate dependent (viscoplastic) models are discussed with an emphasis on Mises-Hill type theories which utilizes a Prandtl-Reuss flow rule. A variety of important flow models are presented.

One-dimensional plasticity

This chapter provides an introduction to plasticity models in the one-dimensional setting. The phenomenology of plasticity is discussed together with concepts of isotropic and kinematic hardening. The additive decomposition of the strain is introduced along with the concepts of plastic strain and equivalent plastic strain. Plastic flow is discussed and defined, and complete models of plasticity are formulated with loading/unloading conditions. Both rate independent and rate dependent (viscoplastic) models are discussed. In addition, basic numerical methods for evaluating plasticity models are presented.