Origin of Increased Solvent Accessibility of Peptide Bonds in Mutual Synergetic Folding Proteins

Mutual Synergetic Folding (MSF) proteins belong to a recently discovered class of proteins. These proteins are disordered in their monomeric but ordered in their oligomeric forms. Their amino acid composition is more similar to globular proteins than to disordered ones. Our preceding work shed light on important structural aspects of the structural organization of these proteins, but the background of this behavior is still unknown. We suggest that solvent accessibility is an important factor, especially solvent accessibility of the peptide bonds can be accounted for this phenomenon. The side chains of the amino acids which form a peptide bond have a high local contribution to the shielding of the peptide bond from the solvent. During the oligomerization step, other non-local residues contribute to the shielding. We investigated these local and non-local effects of shielding based on Shannon information entropy calculations. We found that MSF and globular homodimeric proteins have different local contributions resulting from different amino acid pair frequencies. Their non-local distribution is also different because of distinctive inter-subunit contacts.

Assessment of local and non–local turbulent flow components on turbulence–flame interaction

In the framework of turbulence-flame interaction, the flame is characterized by the gradient of a reactive scalar such as the progress variable, whereas the turbulence is represented by the vorticity and the strain rate. Quantitative assessment of this interaction is performed trough the study of the coupled transport between these quantities that are subject to the effects of heat release and chemical reactions. The present analysis aims at improving the understanding of the small scale turbulence – flame interaction properties, through the introduction of an additive decomposition of the strain rate and vorticity fields into their local and non-local components. The respective role of the local and non-local effects is studied for a broad range of Karlovitz numbers, by virtue of direct numerical simulations (DNS) of turbulent, premixed, lean, and statistically planar flames of methane-air. In the conditions of the present study, the alignment between flame front normals and the strain rate is found to be dominated by the local contribution from the strain rate tensor.

Recent decrease in summer precipitation over the Iberian Peninsula closely links to reduction of local moisture recycling

The inherently dry summer climate of the Iberian Peninsula (IP) is undergoing drought exacerbated by more intense warming and reduced precipitation. Although many studies have studied changes in summer climate factors, it is still unclear how the changes in moisture contribution from the source lead to the decrease in summer precipitation. This study investigates the differences in the IP precipitationshed between 1980–1997 and 1998–2019 using the Water Accounting Model-2layers with ERA5 data, and assesses the role of local recycling and external moisture in reducing summer precipitation. Our findings indicate that the moisture contributions from the local IP, and from the west and the east of the precipitationshed contributed 1.7, 3.6 and 1.1 mm mon−1 less precipitation after 1997 than before 1997, accounting for 26 %, 57 % and 17 % of the main source supply reduction, respectively. The significant downward trend of the IP local recycling closely links to the disappearance of the wet years after 1997 as well as the decrease of local contribution in the dry years. Moreover, the feedback between the weakened local moisture recycling and the drier land surface can exacerbate the local moisture scarcity and summer drought.

The genomic origins of the Bronze Age Tarim Basin mummies

The identity of the earliest inhabitants of Xinjiang, in the heart of Inner Asia, and the languages that they spoke have long been debated and remain contentious1. Here we present genomic data from 5 individuals dating to around 3000–2800 bc from the Dzungarian Basin and 13 individuals dating to around 2100–1700 bc from the Tarim Basin, representing the earliest yet discovered human remains from North and South Xinjiang, respectively. We find that the Early Bronze Age Dzungarian individuals exhibit a predominantly Afanasievo ancestry with an additional local contribution, and the Early–Middle Bronze Age Tarim individuals contain only a local ancestry. The Tarim individuals from the site of Xiaohe further exhibit strong evidence of milk proteins in their dental calculus, indicating a reliance on dairy pastoralism at the site since its founding. Our results do not support previous hypotheses for the origin of the Tarim mummies, who were argued to be Proto-Tocharian-speaking pastoralists descended from the Afanasievo1,2 or to have originated among the Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex3 or Inner Asian Mountain Corridor cultures4. Instead, although Tocharian may have been plausibly introduced to the Dzungarian Basin by Afanasievo migrants during the Early Bronze Age, we find that the earliest Tarim Basin cultures appear to have arisen from a genetically isolated local population that adopted neighbouring pastoralist and agriculturalist practices, which allowed them to settle and thrive along the shifting riverine oases of the Taklamakan Desert.

Expansions for the linear-elastic contribution to the self-interaction force of dislocation curves

The self-interaction force of dislocation curves in metals depends on the local arrangement of the atoms and on the non-local interaction between dislocation curve segments. While these non-local segment–segment interactions can be accurately described by linear elasticity when the segments are further apart than the atomic scale of size $\varepsilon$ , this model breaks down and blows up when the segments are $O(\varepsilon)$ apart. To separate the non-local interactions from the local contribution, various models depending on $\varepsilon$ have been constructed to account for the non-local term. However, there are no quantitative comparisons available between these models. This paper makes such comparisons possible by expanding the self-interaction force in these models in $\varepsilon$ beyond the O(1)-term. Our derivation of these expansions relies on asymptotic analysis. The practical use of these expansions is demonstrated by developing numerical schemes for them, and by – for the first time – bounding the corresponding discretisation error.

An Algorithm of Scene Information Collection in General Football Matches Based on Web Documents

In order to obtain the scene information of the ordinary football game more comprehensively, an algorithm of collecting the scene information of the ordinary football game based on web documents is proposed. The commonly used T-graph web crawler model is used to collect the sample nodes of a specific topic in the football game scene information and then collect the edge document information of the football game scene information topic after the crawling stage of the web crawler. Using the feature item extraction algorithm of semantic analysis, according to the similarity of the feature items, the feature items of the football game scene information are extracted to form a web document. By constructing a complex network and introducing the local contribution and overlap coefficient of the community discovery feature selection algorithm, the features of the web document are selected to realize the collection of football game scene information. Experimental results show that the algorithm has high topic collection capabilities and low computational cost, the average accuracy of equilibrium is always around 98%, and it has strong quantification capabilities for web crawlers and communities.

COWORKING SPACES IN CHINA: DEVELOPING A NEW STRATEGY OF REUSING INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE PROPERTIES UNDER SHARING ECONOMY

This paper investigates the spatial pattern and operating mechanism of coworking spaces based on existing practices in Shanghai with focus on the rising phenomenon of industrial heritage-based coworking spaces. The geographical distribution of the coworking clusters along the riverside of Huangpu River was analyzed refer to the abundant industrial properties remains, due to some historical reasons in modern history as well as local contribution in advancing creativity to support cultural-led regeneration. On the basis of the spatial analysis and value interpretation of those coworking spaces which retrofitted from industrial heritages, the paper proposes a conservative strategy in presenting the cultural and social value of the industrial heritages in coworking context, through the provision of underpinning urban identity and cultural meaning with contemporary social working style. To conclude, we discuss the applicability of the conservation-based strategy by highlighting its attributes in community base and corresponding advantages in cultivating conservation awareness grassrootly and innovatively in workplace, hoping to shed lights to further enhancement on exploring the urban philosophies under current governmental policies and political emphasis of sharing economy and urban renewal in China.

An insight into the quality of sacred groves – an island habitat – using leaf-litter ants as an indicator in a context of urbanization

Sacred groves (SGs) of India are islets of forests providing ecosystem and spiritual services to man. Studies suggest that SGs are deteriorating on their quality due to urbanization, invasive species, land-use change, and religious modernization. We explored diversity, community, and abundance of overall and different functional groups of litter ants, including Anoplolepis gracilipes – an invasive ant – on paired SG-neighbouring home garden (HG) sites in rural and urban landscape to (a) assess the quality of SGs and (b) examine whether the variation in ant community of the two habitats was predicted by urbanization and abundance of A. gracilipes. We considered species and local contribution to β-diversity to identify species and sites crucial for conservation of sites. Abundance and richness of overall ants, proportional trap incidence of species, and abundance of A. gracilipes were similar on SG and HG, but species diversity and abundance of certain ant functional groups were higher on SG. Ant community of SG was different from HG, but was not affected by urbanization. A. gracilipes and rural SGs contributed the most to β diversity. A. gracilipes gave little pressure on native ant community. The study concludes that SGs, despite invaded by A. gracilipes, have potential for conserving biodiversity.

Flight simulator system for research and teaching application

A spatial analysis of smog events in Southern Ontario and prevailing winds reveals various patterns that occur during smog advisories. Smog events cause numerous excess deaths and illnesses each year throughout Southern Ontario due to high levels of air pollutants that are generated in North America. Cardiovascular and respiratory illnesses are the main hospital admissions that occur during summer smog episodes. These effects are experienced throughout regions located along the Windsor-Quebec corridor, but there are variations in the numbers of affected people due to the effects of surrounding geographical features and the local contribution of air contaminants. Meteorological differences play a major role in the effects of smog events with factors such as temperature and prevailing winds. This study examines the effects of long distance transport of contaminants from origins in the United States into Canada as indicated by respiratory and cardiovascular mortality and morbidity effects during 9 smog events. This study found that during certain conditions there is a correlation between wind direction and smog related mortality and morbidity.

Flight simulator system for research and teaching application

A spatial analysis of smog events in Southern Ontario and prevailing winds reveals various patterns that occur during smog advisories. Smog events cause numerous excess deaths and illnesses each year throughout Southern Ontario due to high levels of air pollutants that are generated in North America. Cardiovascular and respiratory illnesses are the main hospital admissions that occur during summer smog episodes. These effects are experienced throughout regions located along the Windsor-Quebec corridor, but there are variations in the numbers of affected people due to the effects of surrounding geographical features and the local contribution of air contaminants. Meteorological differences play a major role in the effects of smog events with factors such as temperature and prevailing winds. This study examines the effects of long distance transport of contaminants from origins in the United States into Canada as indicated by respiratory and cardiovascular mortality and morbidity effects during 9 smog events. This study found that during certain conditions there is a correlation between wind direction and smog related mortality and morbidity.