The UnderstAnding of Enigmas Related to Cancer: Cancer Origin and Progression- A Review

Human body is an excellent example of self-synchronized system. This coordination is existing between organs, cells, subcellular organels even in molecules by which these are formed and maintaining a subtle pattern of morphogenesis. Although having same responsible genes for metamorphosis of different organisms, the expression pattern of those genes varies in every species. Frequent repetition of a pathway energizes the pathway to be established itself as an ordinary and stable event in that developmental procedure. Cancer can be called a disease of geometry which is also metastasize in human body maintain a developmental pathway. The paradoxes in cancer cannot be explained with the conventional mechanistic approaches; therefore, it requires a holistic approach (Morphogenetic Field) for better understanding. Field effects of various epigenetic factors such as heavy metals and radiations affect the normal developmental pathway of organogenesis and energize the progression of cancer. Quantum field along with gravitational field also interfere with the self-organizing process of a biosystem and have influence on the mutation of different protooncogenes. Understanding of this field concept is very promising for achieving advancement in the various emerging fields of biology like optogenetics, bioinformatics, computational biology and cybernetics etc. In true sense, the morphogenetic field concept offers an exciting new canvas like checkpoint therapy in cancer prognosis. J. Bio-Sci. 29(1): 153-161, 2021 (June)

Performative Didactics in a Technological Environment

The didactic-performative experience at a distance, centred on the body in action of the training laboratories activated at the University of Study Cattolica del Sacro Cuore of Milan and the University of Study Suor Orsola Benincasa of Naples, encouraged, through the exercise of ‘simplex property’ of the separation of functions, the crossing of borders of ‘presence/distance’, using Didactics at Distance (DAD) as an opportunity to search in everyone the potential patrimony of the action, able to go beyond the classical meanings of interaction, relationship, experience, emotion, through an effort of imagination and simulation, which even interaction with the machine can stimulate. The research work recalls the ambivalence and the plurality of interpretative keys of the teaching experience and includes its analogies with the performing arts. Starting from the ‘stage presence’, as a scenic ‘bios’ and source of energy, a third energetic space has been investigated, which can amplify the relational dimension. A space which the biologist Sheldrake defines as ‘morphogenetic field’ is the one in which it is possible, through the activation of an empathic climate, to make all the processes of emotional sharing, expressive rediscovery and acquisition of awareness sprout, making the experience of DAD a formative and transformative one.

Symmetry breaking of tissue mechanics in wound induced hair follicle regeneration of laboratory and spiny mice

Tissue regeneration is a process that recapitulates and restores organ structure and function. Although previous studies have demonstrated wound-induced hair neogenesis (WIHN) in laboratory mice (Mus), the regeneration is limited to the center of the wound unlike those observed in African spiny (Acomys) mice. Tissue mechanics have been implicated as an integral part of tissue morphogenesis. Here, we use the WIHN model to investigate the mechanical and molecular responses of laboratory and African spiny mice, and report these models demonstrate opposing trends in spatiotemporal morphogenetic field formation with association to wound stiffness landscapes. Transcriptome analysis and K14-Cre-Twist1 transgenic mice show the Twist1 pathway acts as a mediator for both epidermal-dermal interactions and a competence factor for periodic patterning, differing from those used in development. We propose a Turing model based on tissue stiffness that supports a two-scale tissue mechanics process: (1) establishing a morphogenetic field within the wound bed (mm scale) and (2) symmetry breaking of the epidermis and forming periodically arranged hair primordia within the morphogenetic field (μm scale). Thus, we delineate distinct chemo-mechanical events in building a Turing morphogenesis-competent field during WIHN of laboratory and African spiny mice and identify its evo-devo advantages with perspectives for regenerative medicine.

Analysis of Polycerate Mutants Reveals the Evolutionary Co-option of HOXD1 for Horn Patterning in Bovidae

In the course of evolution, pecorans (i.e., higher ruminants) developed a remarkable diversity of osseous cranial appendages, collectively referred to as “headgear,” which likely share the same origin and genetic basis. However, the nature and function of the genetic determinants underlying their number and position remain elusive. Jacob and other rare populations of sheep and goats are characterized by polyceraty, the presence of more than two horns. Here, we characterize distinct POLYCERATE alleles in each species, both associated with defective HOXD1 function. We show that haploinsufficiency at this locus results in the splitting of horn bud primordia, likely following the abnormal extension of an initial morphogenetic field. These results highlight the key role played by this gene in headgear patterning and illustrate the evolutionary co-option of a gene involved in the early development of bilateria to properly fix the position and number of these distinctive organs of Bovidae.

Analysis of Polycerate Mutants Reveals the Evolutionary Co-option of HOXD1 to Determine the Number and Topology of Horns in Bovidae

In the course of evolution, pecorans (i.e. higher ruminants) developed a remarkable diversity of osseous cranial appendages, collectively referred to as ‘headgear’, which likely share the same origin and genetic basis. However, the nature and function of the genetic determinants underlying their number and position remain elusive. Jacob and other rare populations of sheep and goats, are characterized by polyceraty, the presence of more than two horns. Here, we characterize distinct POLYCERATE alleles in each species, both associated with defective HOXD1 function. We show that haploinsufficiency at this locus results in the splitting of horn bud primordia, likely following the abnormal extension of an initial morphogenetic field. These results highlight the key role played by this gene in headgear patterning and illustrate the evolutionary co-option of a gene involved in the early development of bilateria to properly fix the position and number of these distinctive organs of Bovidae.

From one cell to many: Morphogenetic field of lateral root founder cells inArabidopsis thalianais built by gradual recruitment

The reiterative process of lateral root (LR) formation is widespread and underlies root system formation. However, early LR primordium (LRP) morphogenesis is not fully understood. In this study, we conducted both a clonal analysis and time-lapse experiments to decipher the pattern and sequence of pericycle founder cell (FC) participation in LR formation. Most commonly, LRP initiation starts with the specification of just one FC longitudinally. Clonal and anatomical analyses suggested that a single FC gradually recruits neighboring pericycle cells to become FCs. This conclusion was validated by long-term time-lapse live-imaging experiments. Once the first FC starts to divide, its immediate neighbors, both lengthwise and laterally, are recruited within the hour, after which they recruit their neighboring cells within a few hours. Therefore, LRP initiation is a gradual, multistep process. FC recruitment is auxin-dependent and is abolished by treatment with a polar auxin transport inhibitor. Furthermore, FC recruitment establishes a morphogenetic field where laterally peripheral cells have a lower auxin response, which is associated with a lower proliferation potential, compared to centrally located FCs. The lateral boundaries of the morphogenetic field are determined by phloem-adjacent pericycle cells, which are the last cells to be recruited as FCs. The proliferation potential of these cells is limited, but their recruitment is essential for root system formation, resulting in the formation of a new vascular connection between the nascent and parent root, which is crucial for establishing a continuous and efficient vascular system.

CLINICAL ASPECT OF VAYU AS “KARTA GARBHAKRUTINAM” W. S. R TO MORPHOGENETIC FIELD

In Ayurvedic embryology, various interesting concepts of conception, formation of zygote and foetus and various different organs and system formation are explained. Among that concept of cell division and differentiation in conscious foetus (Chetanayukt Garbha) is mentioned. The role of Panchmahabhutas and Tridoshas in the formation and development of Garbha is mentioned. Among them most important is “Vayu ”which is responsible for cell division .Vayu is vital force which divides zygote into different limb buds and organs. Thus main function of “Vata“ is incomprehensible like formation of foetal shape. But perturbations in “Vata” is responsible for formation of various congenital anomalies i.e Garbhavikruti. In modern concepts of developmental biology, important area is “Morphogenetic field”. It was first introduced in 1910 by Alexander G. Gurwitsch. He analyzed the embryonic development of the sea urchin as a vector field, As it is the proliferation of cells into organs were brought about by putative external forces. It is the set of process that generates shape and form in the embryo. Morphogenetic movement is caused by large scale and dynamic movement of embryonic cell which is under control of Vata. Failures in any step of process can lead to birth defects. Ancient Acharyas have mentioned various measures under Garbhini Paricharya for pregnant women from first day of conception till parturition. It restores the Vayu to its normal course and condition. Thus it helps the morphogenetic movement occur without any failure to have healthy foetus and progeny.Thus prevalence of congenital anamolies can be reduced by understanding Vayu as Garbhakrutinam ,Morphogenetic field and following Garbhini paricharya.

Brief Communication: Rotation of the Maxillary Premolars: Evidence in Support of Premolar Morphogenetic Field

The presence of an individual tooth, axiallyrotated within the maxillary and/or mandibular dentalarcade is not an uncommon occurrence in the humandentition. Far rarer is the axial rotation of two or moreadjacent teeth, rotated together as a “unit” within thedental arcade. Two rare cases are presented here, eachcase possessing a maxillary P3-P4 unit that has beenaxially rotated. This event is in and of itself interestingand important, yet it also potentially provides supportfor the concept of a “premolar” morphogenetic field.