Analysis of Total Polar Material in Selected Indian Snack’s Fried Oil

The study was envisaged to examine the quality of frying oil used by street food vendors for two of the most popular food items viz. Samosa and Jalebi in India. Changes in the quality of frying oil were analysed by analysing the total polar material (TPM) content in the oil using an oil tester and Attenuated total reflectance–Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. Total 143 oil samples were collected at different frying times, i.e. 0, 2 and 4 h from five different Samosa and Jalebi vendors. In both the fried food oil samples, TPM content increased with increasing frying time. The TPM content in the 4 h fried oil samples of Jalebi was significantly (p< 0.001) higher than the samosa fried oil. Partial Least Square Regression (PLS) model based on the 1st derivative FTIR spectra exhibited good prediction capability for TPM values with a high regression coefficient (R2 ≥ 0.99) and low root mean square error (RMSE).

Reused Plant Fried Oil: A Case Study with Home-Made Soaps

The study aimed to analyze the possibility of waste frying oil utilization in home-made soap production. Soaps were made from unheated and fried rapeseed, sunflower and palm oils that had total polar material (TPM) values up to 24%. Physicochemical and microbial analyses were performed on produced samples to check their quality. The hardness increased with the degradation level of rapeseed and palm oils, and opposite findings were obtained for sunflower-made soaps. The highest malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were recorded for sunflower oil-made samples, with the maximum of 6.61 µg/g, and the lowest for the palm oil-made samples, with the maximum of 0.94 µg/g. The antimicrobial assessment showed no significant (p > 0.05) differences between control soap samples and soaps made of oils with the highest TPM value. Gram-positive bacteria (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: MRSA) were the most sensitive chosen microorganisms, compared to Gram-negative bacteria and yeasts. The obtained results did not show exact differences between experimentally produced soap samples from fried or not fried oils; these findings highlight the potential of home-made soap production from this byproduct.

Effect of Properties of Silver Nanoparticles Coated with Polar Material and the Antibacterial Activity on Marine Pathogenic Bacteria

Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) have become one of the current research hotspots and are used in many fields such as electrochemistry, energy, bioanalysis, and environmental monitoring, especially in the field of antibacterial research. In this study, we investigated the effect of properties of Ag NPs coated with polar materials. Ag NPs covered by a dispersant that was triethylene glycol monoethyl ether was stable and conquered the aggregation of Ag NPs. The effect of the dispersant on biocompatibility was explored through interaction experiments between Ag NPs and DNA sequence. The coated Ag NPs could adsorb DNA, and the fluorescence of FAM-DNA could be quenched by Ag NPs. The adsorption and desorption experiments of DNA showed that the order of DNA functional groups on the interaction process was phosphate>T>C>A>G. Moreover, we selected marine pathogenic bacteria to test the antibacterial effect of Ag NPs coated with a polar dispersant. The polar material had a certain inhibitory effect on the antibacterial activity of Ag NPs. However, small molecules such as bases could interact on the surface Ag NPs and release Ag+ to perform the antibacterial activity. The results could contribute to the further application of Ag NPs.

In Vitro Effects of Polar Materials from Thermally Abused Frying Oil on Mammary Carcinoma Cell Migration (P05-004-19)

Objectives Widely consumed foods such as chicken, fish, and potatoes are regularly prepared by deep frying. The frying process involves temperatures exceeding 180 degrees Celsius and repeated frying cycles that result in thermally induced chemical changes of the oil's lipid structures. One such chemical change is an accumulation of polar compounds, including secondary lipid oxidation products, which are associated with several disease pathologies. Many European countries adhere to strict limits of less than 30% polar compounds within recycled fryer oils. There are no such regulations in the United States. Using a murine model of late-stage breast cancer (BC), we previously demonstrated an increased metastatic burden in mice consuming a diet of thermally abused frying oil (TAFO) compared with mice consuming fresh vegetable oil. To further understand this observation, we assessed 1) the amount of polar material in oil recycled for 300 minutes of deep frying, and 2) the effect the fractionated polar material from TAFO has on in vitro migration of 4T1 murine cancer cells. Methods We used silica column chromatography to separate the TAFO into polar and non-polar fractions. The polar fraction of TAFO (TAFO-PF) was retained from oil used to fry fish nuggets for a duration of 300 minutes. In vitro wound healing migration assays were conducted in the presence or absence of TAFO-PF in a concentration dependent manner. We assessed the wound closure rates (motility) of the highly metastatic 4T1 murine mammary carcinoma cell line. Live images were captured every hour for 24 hours to measure cell migration using brightfield microscopy. Results We found that after 300 minutes of frying, oil contained 74 ± 7.8 μg/mL of polar compound. 4T1 cells incubated over a period of 24 hours with diluted TAFO-PF achieved faster wound closure rates compared with cells incubated in growth media alone. Conclusions Our results suggest that TAFO-PF increases motility as an indicator of the metastatic potential of BC cells. Ongoing work is being focused on conducting in vitro invasion assays on both 4T1 and human BC MDA-MB-231 cell lines in order to further understand the potential mechanisms and effects TAFO-PF has on cancer metastatic progression. Funding Sources NIEHS Training (T32) Grant ES007326 Fellowship to JRH and ABO; UIUC Campus Research Board Beckman Grant and UIUC Hatch 1011659_ILLU-698-357.

Investigations into Sampling Approaches for Chemical Analysis of Latent Fingermark Residue

<div> <div> <div> <p>The quantitative variation in latent fingermark deposits sampled from the same donor (intra-donor) poses considerable challenges to studies into the chemical composition of latent fingermarks. The work presented here investigates approaches to the sampling of latent fingermark residues within this context. The amount of squalene in fingermarks deposited on non-porous surfaces, determined by GC-MS, was used as an indicator of the amount of non-polar material present. It was found that the percentage difference of squalene between deposits from two hands at a given time, without controlling the deposition pressure, was in the range of 4-100 %. This was reduced to 0-44 % in alternative sampling approaches where deposition pressure was controlled. These results demonstrate the significant influence of sampling on subsequent chemical analysis of fingermark residues, and offer possible sampling strategies to overcome issues associated with intra-donor variation. </p> </div> </div> </div>