frying oil
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Author(s):  
Lyvia Menezes ◽  
Paulo Suarez ◽  
Grace Ghesti

According to the waste-to-energy (WTE) valorization and circular economy principles, the use of waste oil and grease (WOG) for obtaining biofuels shows the tendency towards sustainability, makes the interest in green chemistry, and the development of environmentally friendly processes grow. Three different fatty wastes (from the fat trap of a sewage station, lard waste, and frying oil) were analyzed and this work showed they have no potentially toxic metals. The frying oil sample and residual lard waste showed a higher percentage of triacylglycerides resulting in higher biodiesel conversion. The samples showed physical and chemical properties (density, viscosity, and ash) within the limits established by current regulations. Bio-oil samples formed a mixture of carboxylic acids, with high acidity. However, the parameters that deviated from the maximum permitted by the standard could be adjusted blending with petroleum diesel, replacing partially the fossil energy carriers with biomass-derived energy carriers which could bring positive impacts from multiple perspectives, i.e., economic, environmental, and health.


2022 ◽  
Vol 153 ◽  
pp. 111790
Author(s):  
Wan Adibah Wan Mahari ◽  
Seng Hon Kee ◽  
Shin Ying Foong ◽  
Tan Suet May Amelia ◽  
Kesaven Bhubalan ◽  
...  

ACS Omega ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mosharof Hossain ◽  
Nuzhat Muntaha ◽  
Lipiar Khan Mohammad Osman Goni ◽  
Mohammad Shah Jamal ◽  
Mohammad Abdul Gafur ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Yaxiong Liu ◽  
Jiaxin Wen ◽  
Zhuoya Luo

AbstractHeadspace-gas-chromatography ion-mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS) proved the diversity of volatile chlorinated compounds (VCCs) in frying oil in this work. First, the VCCs were obtained by headspace by heating the frying oil at 80 °C for 30 min. Then, those compounds were separated by GC capillary column in the first dimension and by IMS in the second dimension, respectively. And at last, those compounds were detected in negative ion mode for non-targeting. The study results indicated that VCCs' formation depends on the contents of NaCl and water, heating temperature and time, and the types of oil. The refining process does not affect the detection of VCCs, indicating the durability of such targets as indicators for assessing deep-frying oil. Using HS-GC-IMS, the VCCs were detected to evaluate 16 authentic refined deep-frying oils from the market with an accuracy of 100%.


Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2897
Author(s):  
Sílvia Petronilho ◽  
André Oliveira ◽  
M. Rosário Domingues ◽  
Fernando M. Nunes ◽  
Manuel A. Coimbra ◽  
...  

Starch is a promising candidate for preparing biodegradable films with useful gas barriers and thermoplastic capabilities. However, these materials are hydrophilic and brittle, thus limiting their application range. To overcome these drawbacks, it has been hypothesized that starch can be hydrophobized and plasticized during the starch-based film production using a single-step approach and following transesterification principles. In this work, KOH powder and spent frying oil (SFO) were used as an alkaline catalyst and a source for triacylglycerides, respectively, to promote the modification of starch. Different ratios of SFO (w/w related to the dried starch weight) were tested. When compared to the neat films (without a catalyst and SFO), the incorporation of at least 15% SFO/KOH gave rise to transparent, hydrophobic (water contact angles of ca. 90°), stretchable (ca. 20×), elastic (ca. 5×), and water tolerant starch-based films, contrary to the films produced without the catalyst. ATR-FTIR and 1H NMR revealed structural differences among the produced films, suggesting that starch was modified with the SFO-derived fatty acids. Therefore, adding KOH during the potato starch/spent frying oil-based film’s production was determined to be a promising in situ strategy to develop starch-based materials with improved hydrophobicity and flexibility, while valorizing the potato chip industry’s byproducts.


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