Analysis of Total Polar Material in Selected Indian Snack’s Fried Oil

The study was envisaged to examine the quality of frying oil used by street food vendors for two of the most popular food items viz. Samosa and Jalebi in India. Changes in the quality of frying oil were analysed by analysing the total polar material (TPM) content in the oil using an oil tester and Attenuated total reflectance–Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. Total 143 oil samples were collected at different frying times, i.e. 0, 2 and 4 h from five different Samosa and Jalebi vendors. In both the fried food oil samples, TPM content increased with increasing frying time. The TPM content in the 4 h fried oil samples of Jalebi was significantly (p< 0.001) higher than the samosa fried oil. Partial Least Square Regression (PLS) model based on the 1st derivative FTIR spectra exhibited good prediction capability for TPM values with a high regression coefficient (R2 ≥ 0.99) and low root mean square error (RMSE).

Reused Plant Fried Oil: A Case Study with Home-Made Soaps

The study aimed to analyze the possibility of waste frying oil utilization in home-made soap production. Soaps were made from unheated and fried rapeseed, sunflower and palm oils that had total polar material (TPM) values up to 24%. Physicochemical and microbial analyses were performed on produced samples to check their quality. The hardness increased with the degradation level of rapeseed and palm oils, and opposite findings were obtained for sunflower-made soaps. The highest malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were recorded for sunflower oil-made samples, with the maximum of 6.61 µg/g, and the lowest for the palm oil-made samples, with the maximum of 0.94 µg/g. The antimicrobial assessment showed no significant (p > 0.05) differences between control soap samples and soaps made of oils with the highest TPM value. Gram-positive bacteria (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: MRSA) were the most sensitive chosen microorganisms, compared to Gram-negative bacteria and yeasts. The obtained results did not show exact differences between experimentally produced soap samples from fried or not fried oils; these findings highlight the potential of home-made soap production from this byproduct.

Gambaran imunohistokimia CD40 aorta jantung tikus wistar jantan (Rattus norvegicus) yang diinduksi minyak jelantah

Abstrak: Aterosklerosis adalah penyakit kronis yang dapat menyebabkan kematian diawali inflamasi pembuluh darah oleh hiperlipidemia. Pemakaian minyak jelantah menyebabkan peningkatan asam lemak trans, asam lemak bebas dan radikal bebas sehingga memicu terjadinya aterosklerosis. Salah satu biomarker aterosklerosis adalah CD40. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran imunohistokimia CD40 pada aorta jantung tikus Wistar jantan (Rattus norvegicus) yang diinduksi minyak jelantah. Penelitian ini adalah true experimental dengan rancangan randomize post-test only control group design. Jumlah sampel adalah 12 ekor tikus Wistar jantan sehat, umur 3-4 bulan dan berat 150-200 gram, dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok. K0(diet normal), K1(5 kali penggorengan), K2(10 kali penggorengan), K3(15 kali penggorengan) selama 60 hari dan menghitung score CD40. Hasil uji Kruskal-Wallis diperoleh adanya perbedaan yang bermakna antara keempat kelompok perlakuan (p0,05). Gambaran imunohistokimia CD40 pada K3(15 kali penggorengan) lebih tinggi dibandingkan K1 (5 kali penggorengan) dan K2 (10 kali penggorengan). Minyak jelantah dapat meningkatkan CD40 yang memicu aterosklerosis.Kata kunci: Aterosklerosis, minyak jelantah, CD40Abstract: Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease that cause death and begins inflammation of blood vessel by hiperlipidemia. It is associated with increased trans fatty acids, free fatty acids, and free radical compounds due consumption of deep frying oil that can trigger atherocslerosis. One of the biomarkers of atherosclerosis is CD40. The purpose of this study was to determine immunohistochemical images of CD40 in aorta of male Wistar rat (Rattus norvegicus) induced by deep frying oil. This research is true experimental with randomize post-test only control group design. The experimental animals were 12 healthy male Wistar rats age 3-4 month and weight between 150-200g. Male wistar rat were randomly divided into 4 group. Group K0 (control) was given standart diet, group K1 was given orally deep fried oil 5 times, group K2 was given orally deep fried oil 10 times, group K3 was given orally deep fried oil 15 times for 60 day. The Imunohistochemical examination assessed score of CD40. The Kruskal-Wallis test showed that imunohistochemical of CD40 were significantly different among the four groups (p0,05). Imunohistochemical of CD40 in group K3(deep fried 15 times) is higher than group K1(deep fried 5 times) and K2(deep fried 10 times). Deep frying oil inceased that mount of CD40 and induced risk of aterosclerosis.Keywords: Atherosclerosis, deep frying oil, CD40