Estimation of Nuclear Medicine Exposure Measures Based on Intelligent Computer Processing

This paper provides an in-depth discussion and analysis of the estimation of nuclear medicine exposure measurements using computerized intelligent processing. The focus is on the study of energy extraction algorithms to obtain a high energy resolution with the lowest possible ADC sampling rate and thus reduce the amount of data. This paper focuses on the direct pulse peak extraction algorithm, polynomial curve fitting algorithm, double exponential function curve fitting algorithm, and pulse area calculation algorithm. The detector output waveforms are obtained with an oscilloscope, and the analysis module is designed in MATLAB. Based on these algorithms, the data obtained from six different lower sampling rates are analyzed and compared with the results of the high sampling rate direct pulse peak extraction algorithm and the pulse area calculation algorithm, respectively. The correctness of the compartment model was checked, and the results were found to be realistic and reliable, which can be used for the analysis of internal exposure data in radiation occupational health management, estimation of internal exposure dose for nuclear emergency groups, and estimation of accidental internal exposure dose. The results of the compartment model of the respiratory tract and the compartment model of the digestive tract can be used to calculate the distribution and retention patterns of radionuclides and their compounds in the body, which can be used to assess the damage of radionuclide internal contamination and guide the implementation of medical treatment.

Dynamics of Pulse Scenario in Bundelkhand Region of Uttar Pradesh: A Temporal Analysis

The paper examines the temporal changes in the area, production and productivity of major pulse crops in Bundelkhand region of UP during last two decades (2000-2020). Published data on area, production and productivity was utilized for the purpose. Study period was divided into period-I (2000-10) and period II (2010-20) and overall period III (2000-2020). Consistent decline in overall pulse area (-0.64%) and production (-0.36%) was observed, however, the overall pulse productivity registered marginal upward trend (0.06%) during the analysis period (2000-20). Chickpea (-5.03% and -0.64 %) and lentil (-0.51% and – 4.37%) crops registered highest decline in overall area and production respectively. Urdbean registered highest decline (-6.52%) in productivity during the said period. In contrast, mungbean crop followed by urdbean recorded highest growth in area (3.48%, 3.02%), and production (3.61%, 2.71%), while field pea registered highest growth in productivity (1.96%). Instability of pulse production over the study period was high (30.31%), however the instability in pulse area was low (11.7%). Analysis of inter district variation in pulse performance reflected decline in area and production of pulses in all districts except in Lalitpur. Inter district variations helped in identifying the potential districts in the Bundelkhand region of UP state.

Supply-Demand Projection and Gap Analysis for Major Pulses in Assam

Pulses are important constituent in the food basket of people of Assam. The state produces 107.5 thousand tonnes of total pulse from an area of 146.4 thousand hectare with yield rate of 735kg/ha (2016-17). The present production is able to meet only 20 per cent of the present requirement. The major pulses grown in the state are gram, arhar, greengram, lentil, blackgram and pea. A study conducted with the objective of analysing the supply demand gap of pulses in Assam, it was found that there was huge gap in requirement and supply of most of the pulses except black gram and pea and the deficit continues upto 2025, as well. The government has been trying to increase the pulses production with increase area and enhanced yield through various schemes namely NFSM-Pulse. Bringing more pulse area under irrigation, adoption of recommended production technology is expected to increase the yield that might help in bridging the demand supply gap. As blackgram was found to be surplus, the people of Assam should gradually replace lentil with blackgram as dal. Establishment of mini dal processing plant might attract the youth to grow and process pulse and thereby increase the employment opportunity and enhanced production in the state.

Growth Performance and Instability of Pulses in the State of Rajasthan

The study aims to examine the growth performance of pulses in Rajasthan. The study was entirely based on secondary data collected from various publications of the state government. The trends in area, production and yield of major pulses in Rajasthan were worked out through compound growth rate, instability index and decomposition analysis for the last eighteen years from 2000-01 to 2017-18, which was further divided into two sub-period decade wise i.e period-I (2000-01 to 2008-09) and period-II (2009-10 to 2017-18). Results have shown that, pulse area in state considerably increased. Area under moong bean registered a significant growth rate of 6.66 per cent which was highest compared to other pulse crops. Growth rate for area, production and productivity of chickpea was found to be significantly positive. Chickpea and pigeon pea crops were more stable compared to other pulse crops in the state. Expansion in area was the major reason for increase in production of chickpea, moong bean and urd bean in the state. The production of chickpea increased more due to area effect and the production of pigeon pea increased because of improvement in the yield and its interaction with area.