СИСТЕМНО-ДІЯЛЬНІСНИЙ ПІДХІД У НАВЧАННІ ТЕОРЕТИЧНОЇ ФІЗИКИ В ПЕДАГОГІЧНОМУ УНІВЕРСИТЕТІ

The article deals with the theoretical aspects and practical implementation of the system-activity approach in teaching the discipline «Theoretical Physics» at the Pedagogical University within credit and module system of the educational process. In the context of the analysis of problematic issues of fundamental training of pre-service physics teachers, the leading educational task of the theoretical physics course is substantiated: creation of the most complete and holistic ideas about the modern physical view of the world and the content of its fundamental physical theories in the process of forming pre-service physics teachers’ professional competence. The main principles, methods and techniques of the author's methods of teaching of the course of theoretical physics at the Pedagogical University on the basis of a student centered approach are highlighted. As a basis for the author's approach to teaching theoretical physics developed educational and methodological complex (on the example of the course «Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics»), which contains a curriculum recommended by the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine for lectures, seminars and practical classes, a collection of tests for diagnostics of students' academic achievements (which includes among the obligatory program questions of methodological and ideological nature), syllabus of generalization of knowledge (the content of scientific-theoretical and practical-activity components of professional competence for each semantic module of the discipline is defined and concretized on the basis of structuring of elements of knowledge). It is noted that the study of theoretical physics by pre-service teachers of physics should take into account the principle of interconnection and continuity with the course of general physics, from a single stand, methodically combined with a common idea of forming the most complete and holistic ideas about the modern physical view of the world and its evolution; awareness of the content and structure of fundamental physical theories, their unity, multifunctionality and hierarchy in accordance with certain spatial intervals and interactions. Key words: theoretical physics, professional competence of physics teacher, educational and methodical complex, activity approach, professional orientation.

Philosophy of the Physical Sciences

The authors survey some debates about the nature and structure of physical theories and about the connections between our physical theories and naturalized metaphysics. The discussion is organized around an “ideal view” of physical theories and criticisms that can be raised against it. This view includes controversial commitments regarding the best analysis of physical modalities and intertheory relations. The authors consider the case in favor of taking laws as the primary modal notion, discussing objections related to alleged violations of the laws, the apparent need to appeal to causality, and the status of probability. The “ideal view” includes a commitment that fundamental physical theories are explanatorily sufficient. The authors discuss several challenges to recovering the manifest image from fundamental physics, along with a distinct challenge to reductionism based on acknowledging the contributions of less fundamental theories in physical explanations.

ФІЗИЧНІ ТЕОРІЇ ЯК ЧИННИК ФОРМУВАННЯ ІНТЕГРОВАНИХ ФІЗИКО-ТЕХНІЧНИХ ЗНАНЬ УЧНІВ ЗАГАЛЬНООСВІТНІХ НАВЧАЛЬНИХ ЗАКЛАДІВ

Як свідчить досвід, у процесі формування нового змісту загальної поміжньої освіти на засадах гуманізації і гуманітаризації навчання набуває актуальності проблема вивчення фізико-технічних знань. У статті обґрунтовується необхідність дотримання вимоги наукової достовірності відповідного навчального матеріалу. Ключові слова: Вивчення фізико-технічних знань, наукова достовірність навчального матеріалу, фундаментальні фізичні теорії.It is experimentally proved that under condition of new contents of general secondary education the problem of studying physical and technical knowledge became urgent. It is substantiated that must be perfect scientific accuracy of the educational material to be covered.Key words: studying of physical and technical knowledge, be perfect scientific accuracy of the educational material, fundamental physical theories.

Contemplations on Our Physical Links to the Universe: Searching for and Finding the Hidden Harmony

The author discusses the evidence and consequences of our indissoluble physical links to the entire universe. He finds that the apparent conflicts in fundamental physical theories regarding issues of causality and locality are not real conflicts based in the physical world. He presents an emergent worldview interpreted in the context of a cultural, philosophical and linguistic background in which a strong tension between inseparability of the whole and the local causal flow of events seems not to exist. The existence of the whole can be felt in the parts, as something real, measurable and undeniable. Its simplicity and harmony are spiritually enriching and emotionally moving.