Surgical Robotics Systems for Deep Brain Neurosurgery

Robotics systems designed for surgical applications such as Neurosurgery, likely may need to implement synchronous communication in real time and asynchronous learning. It will likely primarily be oriented towards spatial imaging and 3D virtualization, various communication protocols, and calibration settings in order to perform optimal results. In regards to computation, it needs to be heavily fault tolerant in operation. It also needs to be aware of false positives. Likely a complex deep brain surgical robotics system would implement variations of brain mapping technology and may utilize topological neuroanatomy. Various technologies in regards to the mapping of the brain, visualization, robotics and mechatronics systems would need to be in place. This paper is to look at the sciences through a theoretical and conceptual process. This isn’t FDA reviewed for medical accuracy and is meant to warrant a theoretical paper where information is “as-is”. This will hopefully provide a blueprint for continuing research later on.

Surgical Robotics Systems for Deep Brain Neurosurgery

Robotics systems designed for surgical applications such as Neurosurgery, likely may need to implement synchronous communication in real time and asynchronous learning. It will likely primarily be oriented towards spatial imaging and 3D virtualization, various communication protocols, and calibration settings in order to perform optimal results. In regards to computation, it needs to be heavily fault tolerant in operation. It also needs to be aware of false positives. Likely a complex deep brain surgical robotics system would implement variations of brain mapping technology and may utilize topological neuroanatomy. Various technologies in regards to the mapping of the brain, visualization, robotics and mechatronics systems would need to be in place. This paper is to look at the sciences through a theoretical and conceptual process. This isn’t FDA reviewed for medical accuracy and is meant to warrant a theoretical paper where information is “as-is”. This will hopefully provide a bleuprint for continuing research later on.

Studying the Meta-Accuracy First Impressions in the Pandemic and Post-Pandemic Reality: Challenges and Opportunities Presented by Internet Research

Aim. Studying first impressions meta-accuracy (how accurately we understand thefirst impressions others form about us) is central to enhancing the communication process.It typically requires experimental settings with at least minimal interactions between targets and perceivers. The COVID-19 pandemic has rendered face-to-face laboratory setupsalmost impossible. Fortunately, the Internet offers a virtual environment where the metaaccuracy of first impressions could be studied safely. We review the opportunities andchallenges associated with the Internet study of meta-accuracy and make a call for actionto address them.Concept. In certain ways the Internet facilitates the study of first impressions metaaccuracy. It is simpler and faster online, compared to the lab, to look at fi rst impressionsin asynchronous settings, such as email and social media updates, where targets presentthemselves via images and/or text and perceivers later form impressions based on thisinformation. The Internet research solution, however, also comes with an array of difficulties. Synchronous communication settings, where targets and perceivers exchange information without delay, (e.g., instant messaging), present three major types of challenges tostudy of first impression meta-accuracy—conceptual (e.g., differences between online andoffline first impression situations), technological (e.g., implementation of chat applications inInternet surveys), and policy-driven (e.g., GDPR).Conclusions. The opportunities and challenges presented by the Internet in the studyof first impression meta-accuracy also apply to the larger field of studying human interaction online. Discussing and addressing them has the potential to enhance Internet researchtools and practices for the humanities and social sciences.

Practical Byzantine Consensus for Internet-of-Things

Use of IoT/WSN assisted smart-systems in the current age is making our living much more easier. However, components of such systems bear a high chance of getting compromised which may result in a substantial damage or loss. Use of fault tolerant consensus protocols provides a way towards solving this problem. Existing solutions for IoT/WSN systems mostly assume simple non-Byzantine node failures which is not enough to solve the problem. To combat the presence of smart devices with malicious intention, Byzantine fault tolerance support is highly essential in building trustworthy decentralised system. Byzantine fault tolerance has not been addressed much in the context of IoT/WSN because of its inherent requirement of extensive data sharing among the nodes. In this work, we approach to bring a solution to the problem using synchronous communication. In particular, we recast the well-known \textit{Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerant} (PBFT) consensus strategy to an efficient form that is suitable for use in IoT/WSN systems. We demonstrate that our proposed design can work upto 80% faster and consume upto 82% lesser energy compared to a naive implementation of the strategy in publicly available IoT/WSN testbed having 45 nodes.<br>

Practical Byzantine Consensus for Internet-of-Things

Use of IoT/WSN assisted smart-systems in the current age is making our living much more easier. However, components of such systems bear a high chance of getting compromised which may result in a substantial damage or loss. Use of fault tolerant consensus protocols provides a way towards solving this problem. Existing solutions for IoT/WSN systems mostly assume simple non-Byzantine node failures which is not enough to solve the problem. To combat the presence of smart devices with malicious intention, Byzantine fault tolerance support is highly essential in building trustworthy decentralised system. Byzantine fault tolerance has not been addressed much in the context of IoT/WSN because of its inherent requirement of extensive data sharing among the nodes. In this work, we approach to bring a solution to the problem using synchronous communication. In particular, we recast the well-known \textit{Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerant} (PBFT) consensus strategy to an efficient form that is suitable for use in IoT/WSN systems. We demonstrate that our proposed design can work upto 80% faster and consume upto 82% lesser energy compared to a naive implementation of the strategy in publicly available IoT/WSN testbed having 45 nodes.<br>

Fine-Grained Frequencies Meet Synchronous Transmission

<div>Fine-grained frequencies have been used in several recent works to enhance network throughput as well as combat Cross Technology Interference (CTI) issues in licence free ISM bands. We observe that synchronous communication based strategies, due to the scope of inter-frequency capture-effect, are inherently more capable of supporting in-parallel communication over multiple channels even when the Center Frequency Distance (CFD) of the channels are very low (<5 MHz). In this work, we pursue an in-depth study of how fine-grained frequencies can be used in conjunction with synchronous communication to extract the maximum benefit from a very narrow band of available frequencies (e.g., 2- 5 MHz) for in-parallel intra-group communication. In this direction, we propose a simple and efficient group formation strategy to automatically define groups in a given WSN/IoT network to boost up in-parallel intra-group communication efficiency. Through extensive experimental evaluations in existing WSN/IoT testbeds, we show that in-parallel one-to-all dissemination in the groups formed through the proposed strategy can execute with upto 73% higher reliability while consuming upto 41% lower energy as compared to the same running among the groups formed through naive strategy with only 4 consecutive frequencies separated by 1 MHz and upto 20 groups.</div>

Fine-Grained Frequencies Meet Synchronous Transmission

<div>Fine-grained frequencies have been used in several recent works to enhance network throughput as well as combat Cross Technology Interference (CTI) issues in licence free ISM bands. We observe that synchronous communication based strategies, due to the scope of inter-frequency capture-effect, are inherently more capable of supporting in-parallel communication over multiple channels even when the Center Frequency Distance (CFD) of the channels are very low (<5 MHz). In this work, we pursue an in-depth study of how fine-grained frequencies can be used in conjunction with synchronous communication to extract the maximum benefit from a very narrow band of available frequencies (e.g., 2- 5 MHz) for in-parallel intra-group communication. In this direction, we propose a simple and efficient group formation strategy to automatically define groups in a given WSN/IoT network to boost up in-parallel intra-group communication efficiency. Through extensive experimental evaluations in existing WSN/IoT testbeds, we show that in-parallel one-to-all dissemination in the groups formed through the proposed strategy can execute with upto 73% higher reliability while consuming upto 41% lower energy as compared to the same running among the groups formed through naive strategy with only 4 consecutive frequencies separated by 1 MHz and upto 20 groups.</div>

Fine-Grained Frequencies Meet Synchronous Transmission

<div>Fine-grained frequencies have been used in several recent works to enhance network throughput as well as combat Cross Technology Interference (CTI) issues in licence free ISM bands. We observe that synchronous communication based strategies, due to the scope of inter-frequency capture-effect, are inherently more capable of supporting in-parallel communication over multiple channels even when the Center Frequency Distance (CFD) of the channels are very low (<5 MHz). In this work, we pursue an in-depth study of how fine-grained frequencies can be used in conjunction with synchronous communication to extract the maximum benefit from a very narrow band of available frequencies (e.g., 2- 5 MHz) for in-parallel intra-group communication. In this direction, we propose a simple and efficient group formation strategy to automatically define groups in a given WSN/IoT network to boost up in-parallel intra-group communication efficiency. Through extensive experimental evaluations in existing WSN/IoT testbeds, we show that in-parallel one-to-all dissemination in the groups formed through the proposed strategy can execute with upto 73% higher reliability while consuming upto 41% lower energy as compared to the same running among the groups formed through naive strategy with only 4 consecutive frequencies separated by 1 MHz and upto 20 groups.</div>

Causal Consistency for Reversible Multiparty Protocols

In programming models with a reversible semantics, computational steps can be undone. This paper addresses the integration of reversible semantics into process languages for communication-centric systems equipped with behavioral types. In prior work, we introduced a monitors-as-memories approach to seamlessly integrate reversible semantics into a process model in which concurrency is governed by session types (a class of behavioral types), covering binary (two-party) protocols with synchronous communication. The applicability and expressiveness of the binary setting, however, is limited. Here we extend our approach, and use it to define reversible semantics for an expressive process model that accounts for multiparty (n-party) protocols, asynchronous communication, decoupled rollbacks, and abstraction passing. As main result, we prove that our reversible semantics for multiparty protocols is causally-consistent. A key technical ingredient in our developments is an alternative reversible semantics with atomic rollbacks, which is conceptually simple and is shown to characterize decoupled rollbacks.