American Baroque

Patterns of pearl cultivation and circulation reveal vernacular practices that shaped emerging imperial ideas about value and wealth in the early modern world. Pearls’ variability and subjective beauty posed a profound challenge to the imperial impulse to order and control, underscoring the complexity of governing subjects and objects in the early modern world. Qualitative, evaluative language would play a prominent role in crown officials’ attempts to contain and channel this complexity. The book’s title reflects the evolving significance of the term barrueca (which became “baroque” in English), a word initially employed in the Venezuelan fisheries to describe irregular pearls. Over time, this term lost its close association with the jewel but came to serve as a metaphor for irregular, unbounded expression. Pearls’ enduring importance lies less in the revenue they generated than in the conversations they prompted about the nature of value and the importance of individual skill and judgment, as well as the natural world, in its creation and husbandry. The stories generated by pearls—an unusual, organic jewel—range globally, crossing geographic and imperial boundaries as well as moving across scales, linking the bounded experiences of individuals to the expansion of imperial bureaucracies. These microhistories illuminate the connections between these small- and large-scale historical processes, revealing the connections between empire as envisioned by monarchs, enacted in law, and experienced at sea and on the ground by individuals.

Kajian Hidrodinamika bagi Pengembangan Budidaya Laut di Sekotong, Nusa Tenggara Barat (Hal. 101-111)

ABSTRAKSekotong adalah salah satu pulau di Indonesia yang berada pada provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat. Salah satu potensi perairan Sekotong ini adalah usaha budidaya mutiara. Jenis mutiara yang umum dibudidayakan dari spesies Pinctada maxima. Faktor yang mempengaruhi keberhasilan usaha budidaya mutiara salah satunya adalah pemilihan lokasi yang tepat yaitu harus terletak pada perairan yang tenang dan terhindar dari gerakan arus yang besar. Kecepatan arus yang optimal untuk budidaya kerang mutiara berkisar antara 10−25 cm/detik. Analisis kecepatan arus dan pasang surut dilakukan dengan software MIKE 21. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pola hidrodinamika serta mengkaitkannya dengan kondisi perairan Sekotong, NTB apakah baik dijadikan sebagai lokasi budidaya tiram mutiara. Hasil pemodelan dan pengukuran didapat tipe pasang surut campuran cenderung ganda (mixed predominantly semi diurnal) dan hasil pemodelan menunjukkan bahwa lokasi perairan sekotong ini sesuai untuk dijadikan lokasi budidaya mutiara yang ditunjukkan oleh kecepatan arus hasil pemodelan adalah 20,11 cm/detik.Kata kunci: hidrodinamika, budidaya mutiara, arus, pasang surut ABSTRACTSekotong is one of the islands in Indonesia located in the province of West Nusa Tenggara. One of potential Sekotong waters is pearl farming. The type of pearl is commonly cultivated from the Pinctada maxima species. One of the factors that affect the successfulof pearl farming is the selection of the right location that must lie in the calm waters and must avoid the movement of large currents. The optimal flow rate for pearl cultivation ranges from 10−25 cm/sec. Analysis of current and tidal velocity is done with MIKE 21 software. The purpose of this research is to analyze hydrodynamics and relate it to the condition of Sekotong waters is West Nusa Tenggara well used as the location cultivation. The modeling and measurement result, there are mixed tidal type tend to be double (mixed predominantly semi diurnal) and the modeling results show that the location of the sekotong waters is suitable for the pearl cultivation location shown by the velocity of modeling current is 20.11 cm/sec.Keywords: hydrodynamics, cultivation of pearl, currents, tidal