Neighbors Help in a Pandemic

The degradation of non-market relationships has rendered individuals unnecessarily vulnerable in disasters, including the global pandemic. While local networks of community-based aid that emerge in response to disasters improve the efficacy of response, they tend to be short-lived. This is unfortunate, since the existence and strength of such local networks prior to the onset of disasters not only boosts the efficacy of response but also contributes to the well-being of individuals and communities in non-disaster times. Therefore, individuals ought to establish and strengthen fair-weather local networks of non-market relationships—that is, cultivate neighbor relationships.

Kıbrıs’ta Osmanlı Dönemi XIX. Y.Y. Türk Evlerinde Bir Karakteristik: Cumba / A Characteristic of XIX. Century Turkish Houses in the Ottoman Period of Cyprus: Corbel

<p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p>XIX. Century Turkish Houses from the Ottoman Period of Cyprus (1571-1878) to the present, constitute an important part of the rich cultural heritage of the island. Corbels, shaped with the life culture and making up the front facade characteristic in the houses, can be observed as a symbolic element, especially in the historical urban texture of the capital. The Corbels of varying sizes on XIX. Century houses in Nicosia, protruding towards the street within the simple façade concept, are surrounded with the wide, wooden eaves of the houses, covered with roof tiles; thus turning the residences into three façade buildings and dominating the street. They also created a warmth in neighbor relationships and provided more fresh air, more light, and scenery to that particular space of the house.</p><p>Since XIX. Century houses of Cyprus do not show much difference among each other, the Corbels also do not have much diversity. Almost all of the Corbels are about the width of a room and protrude in one direction (towards the street) in a straight line. In Corbels, carried on C-S curved wooden consoles, wooden base beams sitting on the consoles complete the bearing system. The wooden bracket supports provide support to the wooden consoles.</p><p>Square cut wooden stiles, placed in front corners, and the foremost of the base joists make up a frame for the front face of the oriel, which is covered with gypsum plaster. Street facing and side windows of the Corbels are rectangular shaped with two sashes and have wooden blinds.</p><p> </p><p><strong>ÖZ</strong></p><p>Kıbrıs’ın Osmanlı Dönemi’nden (1571-1878) günümüze gelen XIX. Yüzyıl Türk Evleri, adanın zengin kültür mirası içinde önemli bir yer teşkil etmektedirler. Evlerde, yaşam kültürü ile biçimlenen ve cephe karakteristiği oluşturan cumbalar, özellikle başkentin tarihi kent dokusunda simgesel bir öge olarak görülmektedirler. Lefkoşa’daki XIX. Yüzyıl evlerinde, yalın cephe anlayışı içinde sokağa taşan farklı büyüklüklerdeki cumbalar, evlerin kiremit kaplı geniş ahşap saçakları ile kuşatılarak, yer aldıkları mekânları üç cepheli hale getirip, sokağa hakim kılmışlardır. Ayrıca komşuluk ilişkilerine yakınlık sağlamış ve evin bu mekânına bol hava, daha çok aydınlık ve manzara kazandırmışlardır.</p><p>Kıbrıs’ın XIX. Yüzyıl evlerinin birbirleriyle çok farklılık göstermemesi nedeniyle Cumbalarda da fazla çeşitlilik görülmemektedir. Cumbaların tamamına yakını, oda genişliğince, bir yönde (sokağa) taşan, düz çıkma şeklindedir. C-S kıvrımlı ahşap konsollarla taşınan Cumbalarda, konsollara oturan ahşap taban kirişleri, taşıyıcı sistemi tamamlanmaktadır. Ahşap eliböğründelerle de ahşap konsollara destek sağlanmıştır.</p><p>Ön köşelerde yer alan kare kesitli ahşap dikmelerle, taban kirişlerinden en öndeki, alçı sıva kaplı Cumba cephesine çerçeve teşkil etmektedir. Cumbaların sokak ve yan cephelerinde yer alan pencereler, dikdörtgen biçimli, ikişer kanatlı ve ahşap panjurludurlar.</p>

Love Thy Neighbor? Relationships between Religion and Racial Intolerance in Europe

This article examines relationships between religion and racial intolerance across 47 countries by applying multilevel modeling to European survey data and is the first in-depth analysis of moderation of these relationships by European national contexts. The analysis distinguishes a believing, belonging, and practice dimension of religiosity. The results yield little evidence of a link between denominational belonging, religious practice, and racial intolerance. The religiosity dimension that matters most for racial intolerance in Europe is believing: believers in a traditional God and believers in a Spirit/Life Force are decidedly less likely, and fundamentalists are more likely than non-believers to be racially intolerant. National contexts also matter greatly: individuals living in Europe's most religious countries, countries with legacies of ethnic-religious conflict and countries with low GDP are significantly more likely to be racially intolerant than those living in wealthier, secular and politically stable countries. This is especially the case for the religiously devout.