E. M. Forster’s A Passage to India: A Tragedy of Cultural Conflicts and Distorted Interracial Relationships

E.M. Forster’s A Passage to India, hereafter (API), offers us an opportunity to realize the mentality of the white imperialist and the grotesque picture of the colonizer-colonized relationship; this picture implies multiple facets of racial vituperations, brutality, and prejudice perpetrated on Indians in the colonial period. In the novel, Forster explores the colonizers’ racist attitudes, and he brings out the racial and interracial conflicts as well as the cultural and ethnic traumas between the colonizer and the colonized. This study is primarily concerned with exploring the cultural clashes and the problematic, deformed interracial relationships, established between the Indians and the Anglo-Indians in a colonial context. The analytical approach and the Postcolonial Theory will be adopted throughout the paper as a framework. A postcolonial reading of the novel debunks the colonizer’s racist ideology and reveals various motifs of partitions, fences, interracial conflicts and gulfs. The article reveals that the different racial, cultural, and social backgrounds of the English and Indian communities create bitter differences and significant gaps that cannot be bridged. The study concludes that the ramifications of the interracial clashes and racial intolerance have a vehement impact on both the colonized and the colonizer alike; however, mutual and interracial love, respect, and understanding are robust solutions that can relatively open the ideological closure of racism, lessen the racial tensions and thus bring people of different racial backgrounds together.

The Indictment of God and the American Society in Countee Cullen’s Poetry

The concept that God is as unjust as the society is so eloquently portrayed in Countee Cullen’s poems “Yet Do I Marvel’’ and “Incident”. Cullen accuses God of being unjust by making him a poet. The renowned poet does not exonerate his American society from the indictment based on racial hostilities and insensitivity that seemed to have permeated the milieu. This paper addresses the questions of the indictment, racial intolerance and the significance of Cullen’s poetry to American literature. To achieve the objective of this study, the author adopts interpretive literary study and The Reader-Response approach to analyze the selected poems. The study reveals that Cullen’s poetry like other genres lives in timeless performance, is therapeutic, is a strong vehicle for the mobilization of people, and a tool for protest. The study concludes that Countee Cullen uses his poetry to indict God and American society. From the analysis of the selected poems, it is observed that poetry lives with people, is a weapon for change in any Nation and Cullen’s poetry addresses the contemporary needs of a society. His accusation of God and American society is a concern and seems relevant. What matter most is equality, justice and love for humanity? All these ingredients must emanate from the heart and transcend color for any society to attain oneness.

The electoral implications of uncivil and intolerant rhetoric in American politics

Can political incivility bolster support for American candidates? Conventional wisdom holds that it does and Donald Trump’s 2016 electoral victories demonstrate the power of uncivil rhetoric—particularly, when it is paired with racially intolerant rhetoric. However, recent studies have demonstrated that leveraging political incivility can backfire on elites. As such, it is unclear whether uncivil rhetoric has electoral value, or if its utility is bolstered when it is joined by intolerant rhetoric. Leveraging a survey experiment, I find that both political incivility and racial intolerance induce feelings of disgust. The presence of intolerance in a message weakens the effects of incivility on disgust for out-group elites, suggesting that multiple rhetorical norm violations result in diminishing (negative) returns. Moreover, the effects of intolerance on disgust are moderated by a subject’s level of racial resentment. These aversive reactions to incivility and intolerance reduce electoral support for the elite sponsoring the message. In-group candidates pay a larger electoral penalty, although the penalty for intolerance is moderated by subject racial resentment. I conclude that, contra claims that political incivility works, uncivil messaging serves as a strategic liability for candidates.

Prejudice on Indonesia Social Media

This research discusses the form and function of language on social media which is considered to contain the prejudice and racial intolerance. In social media, language is used as a way of expressing thoughts, so that the use of language on social media is full of emotive language. The use of language in social media also tends to be propaganda. Propaganda on social media can be positive and can also be negative by taking advantage of prejudice which serves as a support to influence people who read what is written on social media. This research will focus on analyzing the form and function of language which is considered to contain the prejudice and racial intolerance in social media. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. The data in this study are texts that are considered to contain negative prejudice on Facebook. The method used is the observation method with documentation techniques and note-taking techniques. The data analysis includes; identification, classification, analysis, and conclusion. The results showed that the form of discourse strategy used on Facebook was comparison, generalization, and appointment of minorities. The research results also show that all types of discourse strategies tend to be used to show negative prejudice. The language function used is the function of informing and showing goals.

The Dancer in Translation

This chapter focuses on three of Baker’s memoirs, Voyages et aventures de Joséphine Baker (1931), Une vie de toutes les couleurs (1935), and Josephine (1978), to recover her intellectual voice and contributions to Black women’s literary tradition. The memoirs aid in Baker’s commodification insofar as they were cowritten by white men and their publications were timed to capitalize on specific Baker shows and, finally, on her death. Yet disjunctures between the main narrative and sections written expressly by her coauthors suggest that she exercised significant authorial control over the texts. The memoirs serve as self-reflexive critiques of the racial intolerance that Baker encountered in the United States and Europe and, as such, provide vital insights into psychological experiences that influenced her art and antiracist activism.

Love Thy Neighbor? Relationships between Religion and Racial Intolerance in Europe

This article examines relationships between religion and racial intolerance across 47 countries by applying multilevel modeling to European survey data and is the first in-depth analysis of moderation of these relationships by European national contexts. The analysis distinguishes a believing, belonging, and practice dimension of religiosity. The results yield little evidence of a link between denominational belonging, religious practice, and racial intolerance. The religiosity dimension that matters most for racial intolerance in Europe is believing: believers in a traditional God and believers in a Spirit/Life Force are decidedly less likely, and fundamentalists are more likely than non-believers to be racially intolerant. National contexts also matter greatly: individuals living in Europe's most religious countries, countries with legacies of ethnic-religious conflict and countries with low GDP are significantly more likely to be racially intolerant than those living in wealthier, secular and politically stable countries. This is especially the case for the religiously devout.