Search of an ideal language in Friedrich Schlegel’s novel “Lucinde”

The study investigates the speech organization of Carl Wilhelm Friedrich Schlegel’s novel “Lucinde” (1799), which was written at the time of “universal poetry” theory creation and became its true embodiment. One of the key problems of the text is thinking and self-knowledge of the speaking subject. It is also connected with the role of language and dialogic speech in these processes. In this respect the important things are interaction of the speaker with “nameless”, definition and denomination of phenomena (all of them are necessary stages of knowledge), narrative itself, and plot deploying the speech canvas. In the course of these processes the expressive and cognitive abilities of the language are “tested”, its imperfections are revealed, and attempts are made to overcome them. Thus, “Lucinde” appears as a work typical for Early Romanticism with its search for a genuine language, pronounced self-reflexivity and the “socratic” dialogism of the novel form.

Theory Creation in Sport for Development: Reflections on Barriers and Strategies for Advancement

The scholars of sport for development (SFD) suggest the need for advancements in theory development and stronger connections between practice and theory. This article outlines some of the challenges and barriers to theory development in SFD and suggests ways to move forward. The authors state that theories and frameworks in SFD are underdeveloped as a result of methodological and contextual challenges due to the variance in SFD programming. The SFD programs are being implemented across the globe in a myriad of countries and contexts, addressing varying social issues that make theory development challenging. Suggestions are put forward to help scholars and practitioners overcome these challenges, including creativity in methodology, collaborations in program assessment, and the need for patience required of fields focusing on social and behavioral change.

Approaches to nonlinear theory creation for machine tools geometric accuracy

The justification of the nonlinear theory creation in machines geometrical accuracy field is given in the work. The problems accountings of which don’t allow providing the consecutive linearization method adequacy at geometrical accuracy calculating of metal-cutting machines are considered. The potential sources of not linearities at calculating of metal-cutting systems accuracy and the sources of the nonlinear members appearance are revealed. At the same time the nonlinear members are considering the machines geometrical errors at a shaping function variation. The full variation of shaping function is defined and the accuracy nonlinear model of the lathe is constructed on the function basis. The directions of further researches in the field of the machines geometrical accuracy nonlinear theory are presented.

A scientific evening with P. Feyerabend, C.S. Peirce, J.S. Bruner and T.S. Kuhn

The author emphasises the constructivist nature of science and the specific role of abduction in creation of theories. He points out to eclectic nature of science and theory creation and compares scientists’ strategy to that of Foraminifera, as described by E. Heron-Allen. To build tests around their uni-cellular organisms they use any suitable grain of sand. The only mechanism for theory building is the abduction, eclectic by its nature. Basing on that, the author presents language not as a passive tool for reality description, but as an active instrument for science creation. He illustrates it with the specific interplay between notions “certainty” and “reliability”. Such an interplay unveils specific mechanisms underlying creation, development and improvement of theories (and science as a whole, as well). He points to the fact that certainty belongs to the sphere of abstraction, and reliability – to the sphere of practice. The relations between theory and practice are quite tight in physics. Unfortunately, in biology, and – all the more – in psychology and in motor control, the theory is by far more distal to reality than in physics. As a result, in motor control the share of theoretical reasoning in motor control is by far greater than observations and measurements. In motor control the intellectual courage is, then, by far more needed than the experimental diligence.

The jeweler’s loupe: Validation

Validating and theorizing are understood as parts of a common intellectual practice – theory creation – to know why reality is, or is changing, the way it is. This essay’s goal is to encourage debate about the role of validation in anthropological practice, with the aim of increasing that role. Argument is presented in Socratic fashion by posing, and responding to, questions. The first question inquires: What is validation? The second asks: Is getting the facts important in validation? The third queries: How do you get the facts? The fourth probes: What about objectivity in a biased world? The fifth demands: Why are intersubjectivity and representativeness important? Finally, the sixth section asks: If you do validate, can you get to the truth of something? It is concluded that skilled validation creates approximate truth, which is as close to knowing what is that people get.