A Simulation Model of the Confrontation between an Organized Attacker and an Information Security System in the Implementation of an Attack on a Network Management System of Clock Network Synchronization

This article provides an overview of the interaction between the warring parties and the main stages of the confrontation between the organized attacker and the information security system in the implementation of an attack on the network management system of clock network synchronization. A simulation model has been developed that reflects all stages of the struggle, which allows, depending on the resources of an organized attacker and the information security system, to obtain probabilistic and temporal characteristics of the results of the confrontation. Simulation has been carried out for various scenarios of organizing an attack at all stages of the confrontation, from the overwhelming advantage of an organized malefactor to the overwhelming advantage of an information security system. The results obtained in the general case can be used by security administrators and network administrators to make adjustments to the strategy of organizing the protection of the network management system of clock network synchronization.

Dopamine and GPCR-mediated modulation of DN1 clock neurons gates the circadian timing of sleep

The metronome-like circadian regulation of sleep timing must still adapt to an uncertain environment. Recent studies in Drosophila indicate that neuromodulation not only plays a key role in clock neuron synchronization but also affects interactions between the clock network and brain sleep centers. We show here that the targets of neuromodulators, G-Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs), are highly enriched in the fly brain circadian clock network. Single cell sequencing indicates that they are not only differentially expressed but also define clock neuron identity. We generated a comprehensive guide library to mutagenize individual GPCRs in specific neurons and verified the strategy with a targeted sequencing approach. Combined with a behavioral screen, the mutagenesis strategy revealed a novel role of dopamine in sleep regulation by identifying two dopamine receptors and a clock neuron subpopulation that gate the timing of sleep.

A METHOD FOR ELIMINATING LOOPS IN A CLOCK SYNCHRONIZATION NETWORK

Рассмотрены вопросы организации тактовой сетевой синхронизации (ТСС) в сетях пятого поколения. Предложен новый метод обнаружения и устранения петель в сети ТСС на основе определения компонент связности графа и анализа матрицы циклов графа сети синхронизации, оценена эффективность его использования. Основным математическим аппаратом, используемым для описания предложенного метода, является теория графов и матриц. The article discusses the issues of the organization of clock network synchronization in 5G networks. A new method of detecting and eliminating loops in a synchronization network basedondeterminingthecomponentsofthegraphconnectivity and analyzing the graph cycle matrix of a synchronization network is proposed, and the efficiency of its utilization is estimated. The main mathematical apparatus used to describe the proposed method is the theory of graphs and matrices.

Optical frequency dissemination via fiber networks: The Clock Network Services (CLONETS) project and potential applications in the geosciences

<p>Precise measurement of time and frequency has been instrumental in the development of modern geosciences. It has enabled us to quantify many observations, including plate motion, the variations of Earth rotation, and modern-day sea level rise.</p><p>Over the past decade, European National Metrology Institutes (NMIs), together with National Research and Education Networks (NRENs) and partners from universities and research institutes have pioneered the dissemination of ultra-stable optical frequency and timing signals via optical fibers. Initially started as proof-of-concept experiments, this technology has matured to aim for a paradigm change: making precise time and frequency signals available to the wider scientific community and thereby enabling new research avenues.</p><p>The CLOck NETwork Services Design Study (CLONETS-DS) is a research and innovation action intended to facilitate the vision of a sustainable, pan-European optical fiber network for precise time and frequency reference dissemination.</p><p>Here, we will present the envisioned technology, its performance parameters, and discuss potential applications, requirements and limitations for geophysical applications, for example in geodesy (chronometric levelling, gravity field observation), seismology, and very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI).</p>