Charge Asymmetry of Muons Generated by Laser- Induced Nuclear Processes in Ultra-dense Hydrogen D(0) and p(0)

Laser-induced nuclear reactions in ultra-dense hydrogen H(0) (review in Physica Scripta 2019) give mesons (kaons and pions) which decay to muons. The process which gives the mesons is baryon annihilation (Holmlid, J. Hydrogen Energy 2021; Holmlid and Olafsson, High Energy Density Phys. 2021). The sign of the muons detected depends on the initial baryons, with D(0) in the meson source producing mainly positive muons and p(0) producing mainly negative muons. This charge asymmetry was reported in Holmlid and Olafsson (Heliyon 2019), and has been confirmed by later experiments with a coil current transformer as beam detector , also in another lab (unpublished). The current coil detector would give no signal from the muons if charge symmetry existed. The charge asymmetry of the muons seems first to be at variance with charge conservation. An analysis of the results which includes charge conservation is given here. It agrees with the standard model of particle physics. Using D(0), the asymmetry is, as previously, proposed to be due to capture of µ- in D atoms and D2 molecules. This gives emission of mainly µ+ and a fraction of > 50% of µ+ from D(0). In p(0), the capture rate of µ- is lower than in D(0). The emitted number of µ+ will be decreased by reaction between µ+ and abundant electrons, forming muonium particles. This effect decreases the fraction of emitted µ+ for both p(0) and D(0), and it is proposed to be the main reason for a larger fraction of emitted µ- in the case of p(0).

Constraints on the $$\varLambda $$-Neutron Interaction from Charge Symmetry Breaking in the $$\mathbf {^4_\Lambda \mathrm{He}}$$ - $$\mathbf {^4_\Lambda \mathrm{H}}$$ Hypernuclei

We utilize the experimentally known difference of the $$\varLambda $$ Λ separation energies of the mirror hypernuclei $${^4_\varLambda \mathrm{He}}$$ Λ 4 He and $${^4_\varLambda \mathrm{H}}$$ Λ 4 H to constrain the $$\varLambda $$ Λ -neutron interaction. We include the leading charge-symmetry breaking (CSB) interaction into our hyperon-nucleon interaction derived within chiral effective field theory at next-to-leading order. In particular, we determine the strength of the two arising CSB contact terms by a fit to the differences of the separation energies of these hypernuclei in the $$0^+$$ 0 + and $$1^+$$ 1 + states, respectively. By construction, the resulting interaction describes all low energy hyperon-nucleon scattering data, the hypertriton and the CSB in $${^4_\varLambda \mathrm{He}}$$ Λ 4 He -$${^4_\varLambda \mathrm{H}}$$ Λ 4 H accurately. This allows us to provide first predictions for the $$\varLambda $$ Λ n scattering lengths, based solely on available hypernuclear data.

Symmetry Conservation of Dirac Fermion With Double Junction and Gauge Field of Weyl Fermion With Single Junction

Majorana fermion and Weyl fermion have matters and antimatters. But Majorana fermion has zero resistance and Weyl fermion has a resistance. It was confirmed that CP symmetry is preserved in the case of Dirac fermion because it only has spin current as the antimatter. Dirac fermion is supercurrent because CP symmetry is preserved by double schottky contact, but the Majorana fermion with ohmic contact has decreased current due to symmetry violation. Parity symmetry conservation was confirmed from the electrical properties of transistors, and charge symmetry conservation was confirmed in diode properties.