The Language Use of a Bilingual Korean Teacher and Bilingual Korean Students in a Korean Heritage Classroom

Many Korean parents in the U.S. send their children to heritage Korean language schools so that they maintain and further develop Korean as they acquire English. It is, thus, worthwhile to investigate how a Korean teacher and Korean students (as emergent bilinguals) used Korean and English in a Korean heritage classroom. The chapter addresses two research questions: (1) How did the teacher use Korean and English to make her instruction comprehensible during discussions about multicultural children's literature? (2) To what extent were there differences in the two groups of students' (Korean-American and Korean immigrant) use of translanguaging in their oral responses? The findings show that the teacher uses both Korean and English to make her instruction comprehensible and to facilitate her students' participation in class discussions. The findings further reveal differences in the two groups of students' use of language in their oral responses to multicultural texts.

A Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Tailor Activity Program (TAP) for People with Dementia

Ninety eight percent of people with dementia are accompanied by neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS). NPS is an important predictor of the negative prognosis of dementia. It also increases the burden on caregivers and lowers the quality of life. The tailored activity program (TAP), which is occupation-based intervention, have a positive effect on reducing NPS through meaningful activities. The aim of this study was to provide an integrated effectiveness of the TAP on NPS in people with dementia and caregiver burden through meta-analysis. We searched for studies that indicated the effectiveness of TAP through Embase, ProQuest, Pubmed, and RISS. We included a total of seven TAP studies written in Korean and English. Of these seven study designs, five were randomized control trials (RCTs) and two were one group non-RCTs. The result of meta-analysis shows that the effect size of the NPS was 0.62 (95% confidence interval [CI]=0.40-0.83, p<0.001), the caregiver burden was 0.68 (95% CI=0.29-1.07, p=0.001). Both variables indicated moderate effect. These results indicate that the TAP is an effective intervention for reducing NPS of people with dementia and the burden of caregivers. Therefore, TAP is clinically useful approach, we expect TAP to be actively applied to people with dementia in the community.

Developing Language-Specific Models Using a Neural Architecture Search

This paper applies the neural architecture search (NAS) method to Korean and English grammaticality judgment tasks. Based on the previous research, which only discusses the application of NAS on a Korean dataset, we extend the method to English grammatical tasks and compare the resulting two architectures from Korean and English. Since complex syntactic operations exist beneath the word order that is computed, the two different resulting architectures out of the automated NAS language modeling provide an interesting testbed for future research. To the extent of our knowledge, the methodology adopted here has not been tested in the literature. Crucially, the resulting structure of the NAS application shows an unexpected design for human experts. Furthermore, NAS has generated different models for Korean and English, which have different syntactic operations.

A Pawn in the Great Game: Chosŏn’s Rapprochement with the Russian Empire Amidst the British Seizure of Kŏmundo, 1884–1886

The paper examines the Chosŏn government’s rapprochement with the Russian Empire performed against the backdrop of the British seizure of Kŏmundo (1885– 1887). Two attempts of Russo-Chosŏn rapprochement, carried out in the summer of 1885 and summer of 1886, are analyzed separately and against the wider geopolitical situation in Northeast Asia and on the Korean peninsula of the time. To do so, the author relies on the analysis of Russian, Korean, and English primary sources to reveal the Russian and Chosŏn government’s standing at that time, and the geopolitical reasons behind the failure of Russo-Chosŏn rapprochement.

Enhanced Evaluation Model of Security Strength for Passwords Using Integrated Korean and English Password Dictionaries

In the field of information security, passwords are a means of authenticating users. Passwords with weak security cannot perform the role of user authentication and personal information protection because confidentiality is easily violated. To ensure confidentiality, it is important to evaluate the strength of the password and choose a very secure password. Due to this fact, security evaluation models for various passwords have been presented. However, existing evaluation models evaluate security based on the English alphabet. Passwords depend on the memory of the user and are closely related to the language or environment used by the user. In this regard, there are limitations in applying the existing security evaluation models to passwords chosen by non-English speakers. We compose a non-English, Korean language-based password dictionary and propose a password security evaluation model based on this for Korean users. In addition, to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model, we conducted experiments to evaluate the security of Korean language-based passwords using a database of passwords that have been actually leaked. As a result, the proposed model showed 99.38% accuracy for Korean language-based leaked passwords. This is superior to the 80.06% accuracy shown by the existing model. In conclusion, the use of the Korean language-based password security evaluation model proposed in this paper will contribute to choosing more secure passwords for Korean language-based sites or users.

Do Alcohol Prevention Programs Influence Adolescents’ Drinking Behaviors? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

This study analyzed the effects of various alcohol prevention programs on the drinking behavior of adolescents. There were seven electronic databases used for the literature search. A systematic review and meta-analysis are employed for works published in Korean and English from January 2010 to April 2021, with strict inclusion criteria yielding 12 papers in the review. The type of alcohol prevention interventions included educational and motivational interventions. Six studies had more than 500 participants each, and five studies had more than 10 participating schools. The programs did not effectively reduce the frequency of drinking or binge drinking of adolescents but significantly reduced the amount of alcohol consumed. Based on the results of this study, when planning alcohol prevention programs for adolescents, it is necessary to adopt a multi-level approach, including the engagement of parents and the community.