Fundamentals on Polyaniline based Composites

The background of work carried out highlighting on polyaniline, N-substituted polyaniline and acid-doped polyaniline. The problems associated with this polymer and promises it hold are also discussed. It also provides introduction to the nanocomposites of polyaniline/nanoclays, and polyaniline/polyacrylic acid. As well, we have described the polymer stabilized intrinsically conducting polymer composites. The state of the art polymer stabilised intrinsically conducting composites have been reviewed. At last, we have reviewed on the CH4 gas sensing since it has been recognized as one of the inflammable gas sensors. The main problem on the CH4 gas sensor lies on its room temperature operation and detection of low ppm level concentration.

High Energy Density Polyaniline/Exfoliated Graphite Based Supercapacitor with Improved Stability in Wide Voltage Window

In this work, polyaniline/exfoliated graphite-based conducting polymer composites have been prepared and brought under speculation to improve the stability at a high voltage window, ultimately improving the material's supercapacitance behavior. The specific capacitance of 356 F/g at a scan rate of 10 mV/s in the potential window -1V to +1V and cycling retention 82 % after 1000 cycles using aqueous electrolyte (0.1 M Na2SO4) at ambient condition is reported. The energy density and power density are found to be 318 Wh/kg and 12.5 kW/kg, respectively, at a specific current density of 12.5 A/g. The developedcomposite is stable, even at high voltage. This composite obtained is low cost and is stable in aqueous solutions in a wide voltage window.

Electrical Conductivity of Conducting Polymer Composites based on Conducting Polymer/Natural Cellulose

– Merging each of the best properties of components into a composite design or hybrid architecture opens up opportunities to develop electroconductive materials as conducting polymer composite. This work deals with studying the electrical conductivity of conducting polymer composites made of cellulose extracted from two biomass: empty fruit bunch from oil palm and peat soil. Two kinds of conducting polymers have been used to fabricate the composites, i.e. polyaniline and polypyrrole, which are polymerized from their monomers, aniline and pyrrole. The novelty of this research is the using of biomass as the source of cellulose to produced conducting polymer composites by adding conducting polymer as filler into polymer matrix. We report experimental studies about the influence of monomer addition on the electrical conductivity of composites produced. The conductivity of the material was measured by using the Electrochemical Impedance System method. The experiments were carried out as a four-set experiment, using two different cellulose sources, EFB and peat soil, combined with aniline and pyrrole. The mass ratio variations of the monomer: cellulose are 1, 2, 3, and 4. The conductivities of the composites increased when more aniline or pyrrole was blended with the extracted cellulose from each source, either EFB or peat soil. The conductivity of composite PANI/EFB, which is 3.5 ´10-3 - 1.1´10-2 S/cm, is in the semiconductor range that makes the composites useful for many applications.