Effect of Surfactant Type on Synthesis and Characteristics of Nanonickel Hydroxide

Nickel hydroxide has a vital role in various applications, especially as a support material for energy storage materials. Nickel hydroxide can be synthesized through the hydroxide precipitation method. However, the product formed by this method may be large or more than 100 nm because the agglomeration step can occur easily. This present work aims to study the effect of surfactant types in the synthesis and characterization of nickel hydroxide nanoparticle. Nickel sulfate (NiSO4) solution was used as a precursor solution, while 5M sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution was used as a precipitation agent. The surfactants studied were alkyl benzene sulfonate (ABS), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). The nickel hydroxide synthesis process was carried out at 50 oC for 1 hour. The surfactant concentration used was at the critical micelle concentration (CMC), where the CMC for ABS, SDS, CTAB, and PVP were 0.01; 0.05; 3; and 0.5 %w/v, respectively. The synthesis of nickel hydroxide nanoparticle was carried out successfully precipitated almost 100% of Ni2+ ions. The product characterization that has been carried out shows that ABS surfactant produces the best nickel hydroxide nanoparticle product where the particle size is 3.12–4.47 nm.

Screening of Bacteria in the Biodegradation of Linear Alkyl Benzene Sulfonate (LBAS) From Car Wash Waste Water in Tehran (Iran)

Linear alkyl benzene sulfonate (LABS) is a substance used as a surfactant in anionic detergents. Today, it is the most widely used surfactant in detergent products after soap. The aim of this study was to screen effective isolates for the degradation of LABS from car wash effluents in Tehran (Iran). In this study, 10 effluent samples were randomly collected from car washes in Tehran (Iran). Isolation of mesophilic aerobic bacteria was performed by direct and pre-enrichment culture techniques. Biodegradation of sodium dodecyl sulfonate by isolates and turbidity was investigated by methylene blue active substance (MBAS) method, and the superior strain was identified by molecular method (Polymerase Chain Reaction, PCR), which approximately 86% of the material was degrade by the bacterial isolate, and the isolate was identified as Bacillus licheniformis.The results of MBAS method showed that the rate of LBAS degradation by bacteria was 86%, which indicates the high power of this bacterium to degrade LABS from sewage systems (car wash effluents). It was also shown that the concentration of LABS during 8 days of biodegradation period by this bacterium decreased from 80%, which indicates a significant decrease in LABS by Bacillus licheniformis. According to our results, Bacillus licheniformis can be used to dagrade LABS and its degradation in wastewater treatment systems of car wash effluents whose effluents are based on alkyl benzene sulfonates.

DESKRIPSI KUALITAS DAN KUANTITAS LIMBAH CAIR USAHA LAUNDRY DI KELURAHAN SUMAMPIR KECAMATAN PURWOKERTO UTARA KABUPATEN BANYUMAS TAHUN 2018

Background The development of laundry business in the increasingly rapid in Sumampir village make the aquatic environment in the region to be foamy and overgrown with microalgae. Research purposes to describe and to know the quality and quantity of waste water of laundry in Sumampir Village. Type of research, descriptive research. The subjects 9 laundry business, parameters measured are phosphate content of waste water, detergent type, detergent composition, detergent dosage, volume of waste water, frequency of waste water disposal and waste water management from laundry business.The results 89% of laundry business with average phospate 0,76 mg/L (content appropriate) and 11% laundry business with phosphate level of 5.84 mg/L (did not appropriate), 67% of the laundry business used liquid detergent, soft and matic top load type and 33% of respondents used powder detergent, hard and matic front load, 44% of respondents did not use detergents according to the type of washing machine. Detergent composition used by laundry business that is 25% Total Surfactant, Antibacterial Agent, Sodium Alkyl Benzene Sulfonate and Natrium Carbonate 20%. The majority of the detergent dosage used by the laundry business is 23 ml. The average volume of waste water produced from 9 laundry business 1038.57 liters/day. Average frequency of waste water disposal from 9 laundry business 13 times/day and 100% laundry business does not manage the waste water and does not have a waste water treatment facilities. Conclusion, the quality and quantity of wastewater at laundry business in Sumampir Village is at risk of environmental pollution

PENGARUH KOMPLEKS LINIER ALKYL BENZENE SULFONATE (LAS) DAN KADMIUM (Cd) TERHADAP PENINGKATAN AKUMULASI, ABSORBSI DAN TOKSISITAS KADMIUM (Cd) PADA Cyprinus carpio L.

Deterjen merupakan salah satu hasil produk teknologi dengan menggunakan bahan kimia pengaktif permukaan (surfaktan) Alkyl Benzene Sulfonat (ABS) sebagai penghasil busa. ABS memiliki efek destruktif (buruk) terhadap lingkungan yakni sulit diuraikan oleh mikroorganisme, sehingga diganti dengan bahan aktif yang memiliki sifat lebih ramah lingkungan yaitu Linier Alkylbenzene Sulfonate (LAS). Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis pengaruh komplek Linier Alkyl Benzene Sulfonate (LAS) dan logam kadmium (Cd) dengan berbagai variasi konsentrasi terhadap absorbsi, akumulasi dan toksisitas logam kadmium (Cd) pada ikan mas (Cyprinus Carpio L). Sampel yang digunakan adalah ikan Cyprinus carpio L. dengan usia kurang lebih 3 bulan dengan asumsi bahwa ikan sudah berkembang secara seksual (mature). Cyprinus carpio L yang digunakan berkelamin jantan dengan panjang ±15cm dan berat badan ±100 gram. Penelitian ini menggunakan 6 variasi kelompok perlakuan dan 1 kelompok kontrol, maka dengan rumus diatas didapatkan r (ulangan) minimal 4 kali, maka dengan jumlah kelompokan 7 didapatkan besar sampel 28 ekor. Hasil penelitian ini adalah akumulasi lebih banyak ditemukan pada kelompok perlakuan Cd dan LAS. Kesimpulan dari hasil penelitian ini adalah didapatkan perbedaan akumulasi variasi perlakuan antara kelompok kontrol, Cd dan kombinasi LAS-Cd. Terjadinya akumulasi logam berat pada berbagai organisme dapat menimbulkan kerusakan pada lingkungan dan kesehatan pada manusia.