Effect of Surfactant Type on Synthesis and Characteristics of Nanonickel Hydroxide

Nickel hydroxide has a vital role in various applications, especially as a support material for energy storage materials. Nickel hydroxide can be synthesized through the hydroxide precipitation method. However, the product formed by this method may be large or more than 100 nm because the agglomeration step can occur easily. This present work aims to study the effect of surfactant types in the synthesis and characterization of nickel hydroxide nanoparticle. Nickel sulfate (NiSO4) solution was used as a precursor solution, while 5M sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution was used as a precipitation agent. The surfactants studied were alkyl benzene sulfonate (ABS), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). The nickel hydroxide synthesis process was carried out at 50 oC for 1 hour. The surfactant concentration used was at the critical micelle concentration (CMC), where the CMC for ABS, SDS, CTAB, and PVP were 0.01; 0.05; 3; and 0.5 %w/v, respectively. The synthesis of nickel hydroxide nanoparticle was carried out successfully precipitated almost 100% of Ni2+ ions. The product characterization that has been carried out shows that ABS surfactant produces the best nickel hydroxide nanoparticle product where the particle size is 3.12–4.47 nm.

Production of nickel sulfate from semi-finished products of Kola MMC

The article studies the possibilities of obtaining pure nickel sulfate from the filtrate of the cobalt purification of the nickel electrolyte of JSC "Kola MMC". Methods of purification of nickel solutions using sedimentation and extraction methods that remove impurities of sodium, chloridones, micro-impurities of calcium and magnesium are considered.

The Effect of Reaction Conditions and Presence of Magnesium on the Crystallization of Nickel Sulfate

Recycling of valuable metals such as nickel is instrumental to meet the need from the dramatic increase in electric vehicle battery production and to improve its sustainability. Nickel required in the battery manufacture can be recovered from the hydrometallurgical industrial process streams by crystallization of nickel sulfate. Here, crystallization of nickel sulfate is studied from an industrial point of view, investigating the effects of temperature, seeding and presence of magnesium on the formation of various solid phases for the evaluation of their potential influence on the process design. Results showed that the precipitating phase was dictated both by seed amount and reaction temperature. Transformation of metastable phases both in suspension and in a dry state was observed over time. Presence of magnesium was shown to promote formation of NiSO4·7H2O in solution and increased its stability in a dry form. In their dry state, nickel sulfate that was formed in the absence of magnesium transformed towards α-NiSO4·6H2O, whereas those precipitated in the presence of high magnesium concentrations transformed towards β-NiSO4·6H2O, indicating that magnesium inhibited the phase transformation towards α-NiSO4·6H2O. Knowledge about various solid phases of varying crystal morphology and stability can be used as input to decisions for the best suited solid product type and how this relates to the initial conditions of the sidestreams.

Allergic reaction and metal hypersensitivity after shoulder joint replacement

Purpose Metal ion release may cause local and systemic effects and induce hypersensitivity reactions. The aim of our study is first to determine if implant-related hypersensitivity correlates to patient symptoms or not; second, to assess the rate of hypersensitivity and allergies in shoulder arthroplasty. Methods Forty patients with shoulder replacements performed between 2015 and 2017 were studied with minimum 2-year follow-up; no patient had prior metal implants. Each patient underwent radiographic and clinical evaluation using the Constant-Murley Score (CMS), 22 metal and cement haptens patch testing, serum and urine tests to evaluate 12 metals concentration, and a personal occupational medicine interview. Results At follow-up (average 45 ± 10.7 months), the mean CMS was 76 ± 15.9; no clinical complications or radiographic signs of loosening were detected; two nickel sulfate (5%), 1 benzoyl peroxide (2.5%) and 1 potassium dichromate (2.5%) positive findings were found, but all these patients were asymptomatic. There was an increase in serum aluminum, urinary aluminum and urinary chromium levels of 1.74, 3.40 and 1.83 times the baseline, respectively. No significant difference in metal ion concentrations were found when patients were stratified according to gender, date of surgery, type of surgery, and type of implant. Conclusions Shoulder arthroplasty is a source of metal ion release and might act as a sensitizing exposure. However, patch test positivity does not seem to correlate to hypersensitivity cutaneous manifestations or poor clinical results. Laboratory data showed small constant ion release over time, regardless of gender, type of shoulder replacement and implant used. Levels of evidence Level II.

Study of the Effect of Time Variations on the Leaching Process of Ferronickel Products from Mini Blast Furnace to Yield Elements of Fe, Ni, and Co for NiSO4.6H2O Synthesis

Indonesia, as one of the biggest contributor to air pollution, has a solution to replace petroleum-powered motorized vehicles with battery-powered electric vehicles (EVs). Indonesia has nickel reserves that can be used as one of the cathodes of a Li-ion battery called NMC. In this research, the author uses ferronickel ore from the smelting process of laterite nickel ore. Then ferronickel is leached to produce nickel sulfate. This research was conducted to determine the effect of variations in leaching time (2 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours, 8 hours, 10 hours) on the extraction rate, extraction percentage, chemical composition, yield, and the resulting compounds. The results of this study were that the highest content of nickel extract was produced in a 10-hour variation of 11530 mg/L with an extraction percentage of 94.16%, the most iron in a 10-hour variation of 4128 mg/L with 100% extraction percentage, and the most cobalt in a 2-hour variation. as much as 47.3 mg/L with 100% extraction percentage. The highest nickel yield was produced at a 10-hour concentration variation of 87.37%. The compounds produced from the crystallization products were NiSO4.6H2O, Na2SO4, CoSO4, and FeSO4.

Nickel Laterites—Mineralogical Monitoring for Grade Definition and Process Optimization

Nickel laterite ore is used to produce nickel metal, predominantly to manufacture stainless steel as well as nickel sulfate, a key ingredient in the batteries that drive electric vehicles. Nickel laterite production is on the rise and surpassing conventional sulfide deposits. The efficiency of mining and processing nickel laterites is defined by their mineralogical composition. Typical profiles of nickel laterites are divided into a saprolite and a laterite horizon. Nickel is mainly concentrated and hosted in a variety of secondary oxides, hydrous Mg silicates and clay minerals like smectite or lizardite in the saprolite horizon, whereas the laterite horizon can host cobalt that could be extracted as a side product. For this case study, 40 samples from both saprolite and laterite horizons were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) in combination with statistical methods such as cluster analysis. Besides the identification of the different mineral phases, the quantitative composition of the samples was also determined with the Rietveld method. Data clustering of the samples was tested and allows a fast and easy separation of the different lithologies and ore grades. Mineralogy also plays a key role during further processing of nickel laterites to nickel metal. XRD was used to monitor the mineralogy of calcine, matte and slag. The value of mineralogical monitoring for grade definition, ore sorting, and processing is explained in the paper.

Prevalence of dermatoses among hairdressers and beauticians in Srinagar, the capital city of Kashmir, India

Background: Skin disorders among hairdressers and beauticians have been recognized as a common problem, owing to the prolonged exposure to a variety of irritants and allergens. Objectives: The aim was to study the prevalence of dermatoses among hairdressers and beauticians in Srinagar, the capital city of Kashmir, India. Methods: The study was conducted on 100 respondents from 57 salons and parlors located within the borders of the city. Detailed history taking and complete examination were performed during personal visits. Patch tests were performed with the Indian standard series on all participants. Results: The mean age of the study sample was 24.3 ± 6.3 years. 54% of the studied cases were found to suffer from one or more skin disorders. Hand eczema was the most commonly encountered dermatosis, observed in 32% of the cases. Three patterns of hand eczema were recognized: classic (14%), interdigital (6%), and threading (8%). Callosities were seen in 19% of the cases. We employed the term scissor nodule for the typical pattern of a callosity caused by the finger rings of scissors. Nail staining was encountered in 19%. The most common allergens leading to a positive patch test were found to be paraphenylenediamine (PPD) in thirteen cases, followed by a fragrance mix in nine, nickel sulfate in nine, thiuram in three, and formaldehyde in one. Conclusion: Skin disorders are common among hairdressers and beauticians. Raising awareness of these disorders and methods of their prevention among this group is imperative.