Women Involvement in Terrorism Action in Indonesia

This research is motivated by the increasing cases of involvement of women in acts of terrorism in Indonesia, the participation of women in acts of terrorism raises anxiety in Indonesian society and shows that currently there is an increase in the development of radicalism against women, they not only act as protectors or protectors but also today. acting as a combatant and being directly involved in acts of terrorism such as being a suicide bomber, this development is a threat that must be overcome by the Indonesian government. This article explains the development of the threat of women's involvement in acts of terrorism in Indonesia and how strategies can be implemented to overcome this. The data in this study came from interviews, documentation, and literature review and sourced from sources such as Densus 88, and BNPT. The results of this study explain that the involvement of women in the activities of radical terrorist groups is a new trend to avoid suspicion by security forces and groups that use the role of women as ISIS groups, several factors influence women to become involved in the actions of radical terrorist groups, namely due to marriage ties, friendship. , as well as social media. To overcome the trend of women being involved in acts of terrorism in Indonesia, several strategies are needed to overcome them: a humanitarian approach, an academic approach, and assistance in increasing literacy for women.

"If you can, kill and, if you cannot, die!": the development of the concept of martyrdom in Islam

<p>This study will provide a framework for understanding the concept of martyrdom in Islam and the development of the 'suicide bomber' as a form of martyrdom. I will argue that 'suicide bombing' as a form of martyrdom is not a simple development of traditional jurisprudential concepts of martyrdom or jihad, for either the Shi'a or the Sunni tradition. Its introduction as a form of martyrdom is due to the reinterpretation of Shi'a revivalist martyrdom ideologies into Sunni revivalist jihad ideologies. It is 'suicide bombings" martyrological origin within a Shi'a concept of'political martyrdom' that is responsible for the transformative nature of'suicide bombing' use as a tactic.</p>

"If you can, kill and, if you cannot, die!": the development of the concept of martyrdom in Islam

<p>This study will provide a framework for understanding the concept of martyrdom in Islam and the development of the 'suicide bomber' as a form of martyrdom. I will argue that 'suicide bombing' as a form of martyrdom is not a simple development of traditional jurisprudential concepts of martyrdom or jihad, for either the Shi'a or the Sunni tradition. Its introduction as a form of martyrdom is due to the reinterpretation of Shi'a revivalist martyrdom ideologies into Sunni revivalist jihad ideologies. It is 'suicide bombings" martyrological origin within a Shi'a concept of'political martyrdom' that is responsible for the transformative nature of'suicide bombing' use as a tactic.</p>

Psychology of Terrorism: Intimidation by Destroying One’s Own Life in the Donetsk Basin

The article presents the psychological genesis of terrorism in eastern Ukraine, referred to as the Donetsk Basin, during the Soviet era, which resulted from prioritising coal over the lives of Ukrainians affected by famine, executions, evictions and repression imposed by Russians. The replacement of the ethnic composition of the population by people from Russia led to the formation of a group of colonisers of Ukraine. This required creating an atmosphere of constant tension, fear and criminalised violence. As a consequence, the Donetsk Basin has become a favourable environment for Russians and their supporters, who were potentially prone to terrorist acts, and the most dangerous category of such persons — suicide bombers. The paper describes the emergence of a wave theory concerning terrorism in Europe, radical movements in Ireland, Macedonia, Serbia, Italy and Spain, as well as the current state of terrorism in Italy, Germany, Japan and many other countries. It covers the first terrorist act of Russia’s hybrid war against Ukraine near the village of Kamyanka, in the Donetsk region, where a checkpoint of the Armed Forces of Ukraine was attacked by a suicide bomber using a minibus loaded with explosives. It was also a place where other similar terrorist acts took place and the manifesto of Australian terrorist Brenton Tarrant was distributed in the centre of Ukraine by a terrorist group from the Russian Federation in order to involve prone persons in subversive activities on racial and religious grounds. The study was created using a nonparametric typology, based on the analysis of at least two parameters: the nuclei of vulnerabilities (targets of influence) and the features of intrapsychic formations arising under their influence. This allowed identifying five psychotypes of potential suicide bombers: of a person who has lost emotional connection with the outside world; of a fanatic of faith, associated with the activation of ‘mortido’ — the desire for death; of a fanatic of an idea, which considers the cessation of life as a spiritual transformation, and martyrdom as an integral element of the spiritual path; of a potential suicide bomber associated with extreme manifestations of protest behaviour; persons with psychopathic changes in personality structure. The paper establishes the prevalence of these psychotypes and comparative possibilities of influencing each of them.

Is America a „Sow that Eats Her Farrow”: John Updikeʼs Terrorist as a Bildungsroman

In this paper we analysed John Updike’s 22nd novel, Terrorist, to ascertain whether this novel could be viewed as a Bildungsroman. Our investigation is based on theoretical insights that Hegel, Lukács and Bakhtin offered on this literary genre; furthermore, we acknowledged some contemporary theories regarding this issue as well. By analysing characters and relations among them, narrative layers of the text and intertextual dialogue in Updike’s Terrorist, we strove to point out how Updike deconstructs this literary genre by showing a young man, Ahmad, who – under the influence of an imam – considers and plans to become a suicide bomber. Also, we indicated how the author’s approach to this sensitive topic is a nuanced one: the novel is militant only on surface.