IMPLEMENTATION OF THE DÉFENSE PUBLIC POLICY DEFEND THE STATE IN INDONESIAN UNIVERSITIES

Indonesia in May 2018 was again shocked by the act of terrorism in the form of an explosion that occurred in urban areas on three Surabaya churches carried out by one family, the next action was an explosion in the North Surabaya Police Resort City with a suicide bombing involving one family as well. This fact is an indicator that the nation must re-evaluate the country's defence, which is carried out by the people. The perpetrators have been living with the community all this time but have escaped our mutual attention. Terrorism and radicalism cases also continue to thrive among universities, both state and private, especially those in urban areas. Therefore, it is necessary to re-examine how the implementation of state defence which has been carried out in higher education. In this study the method used is descriptive phenomenological quality and the theory used is the theory of public policy implementation George Edward III. The results of the study show that communication between stake holders is still running independently and has not been integrated and coordinated optimally, the resources used are still carried out individually which results in ineffective and inefficient, disposition (authority) regarding state defence still has its own perceptions between agencies, the bureaucratic structure also has not shown the achievement of effective and efficient goals.

PEREMPUAN DALAM JERAT TERORISME: ANALISIS MOTIVASI PELAKU BOM BUNUH DIRI DI INDONESIA

Recent acts of terrorism have experienced a shift in perpetrators. If all this time women were only behind the scenes, now they have started to show themselves as main actors such as weapons providers, bomb builders and even suicide bombers. The women involved as perpetrators are actually victims of the snares of terrorism. This paper aims to analyze what are the motivations behind women who are entangled in the vortex of terrorism so that they are willing to become suicide bombers. The results of the study found at least six factors that caused women to be willing to become combatants, namely the occurrence of jihad indoctrination deviations, the lure of going to heaven, married by terrorist, discriminated feeling, frustrated feeling so that suicide bombing is a shortcut to repentance and revenge for being victims of sexual harassment.Key word: women, terrorism, suicide bombing

Head, chest and limbs mine-explosive wounds

The article presents the experience of treating wounded K., 29 years old, who, as a result of the suicide bombing of a homemade shell-free explosive device in a moving car of the St. Petersburg Metro 03.04.2017 received a severe mine-explosive combined wound to the head, chest and limbs with a fragmented blind skull. The trauma was accompanied by brain damage, a fracture of the cranial vault bones, lungs contusion, and fragmented fracture of the right tibia bones. The patient underwent sequential bifrontal decompressive craniotomy, external fixation of the right shin bones fractures, blocked intramedullary osteosynthesis of the latter, dura mater plasty, cranioplasty with a titanium plate after its computer modeling. The complex treatment allowed the patient to be discharged from the hospital after 4 months in a satisfactory condition.

"If you can, kill and, if you cannot, die!": the development of the concept of martyrdom in Islam

<p>This study will provide a framework for understanding the concept of martyrdom in Islam and the development of the 'suicide bomber' as a form of martyrdom. I will argue that 'suicide bombing' as a form of martyrdom is not a simple development of traditional jurisprudential concepts of martyrdom or jihad, for either the Shi'a or the Sunni tradition. Its introduction as a form of martyrdom is due to the reinterpretation of Shi'a revivalist martyrdom ideologies into Sunni revivalist jihad ideologies. It is 'suicide bombings" martyrological origin within a Shi'a concept of'political martyrdom' that is responsible for the transformative nature of'suicide bombing' use as a tactic.</p>

"If you can, kill and, if you cannot, die!": the development of the concept of martyrdom in Islam

<p>This study will provide a framework for understanding the concept of martyrdom in Islam and the development of the 'suicide bomber' as a form of martyrdom. I will argue that 'suicide bombing' as a form of martyrdom is not a simple development of traditional jurisprudential concepts of martyrdom or jihad, for either the Shi'a or the Sunni tradition. Its introduction as a form of martyrdom is due to the reinterpretation of Shi'a revivalist martyrdom ideologies into Sunni revivalist jihad ideologies. It is 'suicide bombings" martyrological origin within a Shi'a concept of'political martyrdom' that is responsible for the transformative nature of'suicide bombing' use as a tactic.</p>

Bloodshed will not stop in a constantly reinforced conflict

Recently a suicide bombing attack has happened in Afghanistan. I briefly discuss that such conflict, being fueled constantly, will keep going on as a vicious cycle.