scholarly journals HYDROGEN PERMEABILITY OF AMORPHOUS, NANO- AND CRYSTALLINE ALLOYS BASED ON IRON AND NICKEL

2020 ◽  
pp. 457-473
Author(s):  
Валерий Анатольевич Полухин ◽  
Николай Иванович Сидоров ◽  
Римма Михайловна Белякова
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Hydrogen Permeability ◽  
Palladium Alloys ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Open Structures ◽  
Dense Cluster ◽  
Transport Channels ◽  
Kinetics Of

Исследована кинетика проницаемости и диффузии водорода в гидрированых мембранных сплавах на основе Fe и Ni, обладающих функциональными характеристиками, конструкционной прочностью и термостабильностью, и являющихся многообещающей альтернативой дорогим палладиевым сплавам. Изучены прочностные характеристики, термостабильность и устойчивость к водородному охрупчиванию. Рассмотрены механизмы структурирования, диффузии и проницаемости водорода в кристаллическом, аморфном, нанокристаллическом состояниях. Для мембранных сплавов особо важным аспектом является сочетание в открытых структур (аморфных и ОЦК), в то время как для аккумулирования водорода, помимо каналов транспорта (диффузии и проницаемости) также необходимы и высокоплотные интерметаллидные кластеры. Отмечено, что при длительной эксплуатации вследствие возникновения плотных кластерных конфигураций среднего упорядочения, сокращающих диффузионные каналы, начинается снижение через них транспорта водорода. The kinetics of hydrogen permeability and diffusion in hydrogenated membrane alloys based on Fe and Ni have been investigated, which have functional characteristics, structural strength and thermal stability, and are a promising alternative to expensive palladium alloys. The strength characteristics, thermal stability and resistance to hydrogen embrittlement have been studied. The mechanisms of structuring, diffusion and permeability of hydrogen in crystalline, amorphous, nanocrystalline states are considered. For membrane alloys, a particularly important aspect is the combination in open structures (amorphous and bcc), while for hydrogen accumulation, in addition to transport channels (diffusion and permeability), high-density intermetallic clusters are also required. It is noted that, during long-term operation, due to the appearance of dense cluster configurations of intermediate ordering, which shorten the diffusion channels, the transport of hydrogen through them begins to decrease.

scholarly journals Tracing the Acetalization of Cyclohexanone in CO2-Expanded Alcohols by Attenuated Total Reflection Infrared Spectroscopy

2009 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 1008-1014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsunetake Seki ◽  
Jean-Michel Andanson ◽  
Fabian Jutz ◽  
Alfons Baiker
Keyword(s):  
Ir Spectroscopy ◽  
Total Reflection ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflection ◽  
Znse Crystal ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Practical Tool ◽  
Acidic Conditions ◽  
Kinetics Of

The CO2-catalyzed acetalization is regarded as a promising alternative to the conventional acid-catalyzed method from a viewpoint of green chemistry (C. A. Eckert et al., Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 43, 2605 (2004)). We have applied in situ attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopy for elucidating and monitoring the acetalization of cyclohexanone in CO2-expanded ethylene glycol and methanol at 50 °C and 3 MPa. The ATR-IR spectra of the reaction mixtures periodically recorded with a ZnSe crystal demonstrate that ATR-IR spectroscopy is a practical tool for tracing the kinetics of acetalizations in situ. In addition, the rate of CO2 dissolution as well as CO2 solubility into the cyclohexanone–alcohol mixtures could be evaluated from the CO2-v3-antisymmetric stretching band. The ZnSe ATR crystal, however, was corroded during longer use under the acidic conditions realized by the dissolution of CO2 in the alcohols. In contrast, the corrosion did not occur when a Ge crystal was used instead of a ZnSe crystal, and therefore the application of a Ge ATR crystal is recommended for continuous long-term experiments with these media.

Unravelling the redox mechanism and kinetics of a highly active and selective Ni-based material during the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Alvarado-Camacho ◽  
Jeroen Poissonnier ◽  
Joris Thybaut ◽  
Carlos O. Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Dehydrogenation ◽  
High Selectivity ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Redox Mechanism ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Ethane Oxidative Dehydrogenation ◽  
Mechanism And Kinetics ◽  
Kinetics Of

Ethane oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH-C2) is a promising alternative for producing ethylene. Even if SnO2-NiO catalysts are characterized by their long-term stability and high selectivity to ethylene, also in the absence...

The Ordered Phase Formation in Ti-Al-Ga Alloys

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 440-441
Author(s):  
Shiro Fujishiro ◽  
Harold L. Gegel
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Growth Kinetics ◽  
Stoichiometric Composition ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Alpha Titanium ◽  
Cold Rolled ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Ordered-alpha titanium alloys having a DO19 type structure have good potential for high temperature (600°C) applications, due to the thermal stability of the ordered phase and the inherent resistance to recrystallization of these alloys. Five different Ti-Al-Ga alloys consisting of equal atomic percents of aluminum and gallium solute additions up to the stoichiometric composition, Ti3(Al, Ga), were used to study the growth kinetics of the ordered phase and the nature of its interface.The alloys were homogenized in the beta region in a vacuum of about 5×10-7 torr, furnace cooled; reheated in air to 50°C below the alpha transus for hot working. The alloys were subsequently acid cleaned, annealed in vacuo, and cold rolled to about. 050 inch prior to additional homogenization

Comparative Labelling and Biokinetic Studies of 99mTc-EDTA(Sn) and 99mTc-DTPA(Sn)

1977 ◽  
Vol 16 (01) ◽  
pp. 30-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Agha ◽  
R. B. R. Persson
Keyword(s):  
Complex Formation ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Reduction Step ◽  
Labelling Yield ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Kinetics Of

SummaryGelchromatography column scanning has been used to study the fractions of 99mTc-pertechnetate, 99mTcchelate and reduced hydrolyzed 99mTc in preparations of 99mTc-EDTA(Sn) and 99mTc-DTPA(Sn). The labelling yield of 99mTc-EDTA(Sn) chelate was as high as 90—95% when 100 μmol EDTA · H4 and 0.5 (Amol SnCl2 was incubated with 10 ml 99mTceluate for 30—60 min at room temperature. The study of the influence of the pH-value on the fraction of 99mTc-EDTA shows that pH 2.8—2.9 gave the best labelling yield. In a comparative study of the labelling kinetics of 99mTc-EDTA(Sn) and 99mTc- DTPA(Sn) at different temperatures (7, 22 and 37°C), no significant influence on the reduction step was found. The rate constant for complex formation, however, increased more rapidly with increased temperature for 99mTc-DTPA(Sn). At room temperature only a few minutes was required to achieve a high labelling yield with 99mTc-DTPA(Sn) whereas about 60 min was required for 99mTc-EDTA(Sn). Comparative biokinetic studies in rabbits showed that the maximum activity in kidneys is achieved after 12 min with 99mTc-EDTA(Sn) but already after 6 min with 99mTc-DTPA(Sn). The long-term disappearance of 99mTc-DTPA(Sn) from the kidneys is about five times faster than that for 99mTc-EDTA(Sn).

Analysis of crystallite size changes in a hematite and magnetite formed on steel used in the power idustry

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (21) ◽  
pp. 65-73
Author(s):  
Monika Gwoździk
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Oxide Layer ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Diffraction Line Profile ◽  
Crystallite Sizes ◽  
Scherrer Formula ◽  
Pipe Outlet

The paper presents results of studies on the crystallite sizes of oxide layer formed during a long-term operation on 10CrMo9-10 steel at an elevated temperature (T = 545° C, t = 200,000 h). This value was determined by a method based on analysis of the diffraction line profile, according to a Scherrer formula. The oxide layer was studied on a surface and a cross-section at the outer and inner site on the pipe outlet, at the fire and counter-fire wall of the tube. X-ray studies were carried out on the surface of a tube, then the layer’s surface was polished and the diffraction measurements repeated to reveal differences in the originated oxides layer.

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