Abstract
The following multi-determinantal algebraic variety plays a central role in algebra, algebraic geometry and computational complexity theory:
SING
n
,
m
{{\rm SING}_{n,m}}
, consisting of all m-tuples of
n
×
n
{n\times n}
complex matrices which span only singular matrices. In particular, an efficient deterministic algorithm testing membership in
SING
n
,
m
{{\rm SING}_{n,m}}
will imply super-polynomial circuit lower bounds, a holy grail of the theory of computation.
A sequence of recent works suggests such efficient algorithms for memberships in a general class of algebraic varieties, namely the null cones of linear group actions. Can this be used for the problem above? Our main result is negative:
SING
n
,
m
{{\rm SING}_{n,m}}
is not the null cone of any (reductive) group action! This stands in stark contrast to a non-commutative analog of this variety, and points to an inherent structural difficulty of
SING
n
,
m
{{\rm SING}_{n,m}}
.
To prove this result, we identify precisely the group of symmetries of
SING
n
,
m
{{\rm SING}_{n,m}}
. We find this characterization, and the tools we introduce to prove it, of independent interest. Our work significantly generalizes a result of Frobenius for the special case
m
=
1
{m=1}
, and suggests a general method for determining the symmetries of algebraic varieties.