Willingness to Pay for Cervical Cancer Vaccines Among Female Secondary School Teachers in Enugu, Nigeria

Cervical Cancer Is Preventable Using Vaccines Given To Adolescents In Three Doses. The Affordability Of These Vaccines And People’s Willingness To Pay (WTP) Could Affect The Uptake Of The Vaccines, Especially In Developing Countries. The Study Aimed To Determine The Willingness To Pay For The Vaccines And Identify The Factors Associated With Different Levels Of WTP Among The Participants. A Cross-Sectional Study Of 377 Female Teachers In The Enugu Metropolis Was Undertaken Between July And October 2017. A Structured Pre-Tested Interviewer-Administered Questionnaire Was Utilized For The Collection Of Data. Willingness To Pay Was Determined By The Contingent Valuation Method Utilizing The Bidding Game Technique To Estimate The Maximum Amount Each Participant Would Pay For The Three Doses Of The HPV Vaccine. Data Were Analyzed Using SPSS Version 20. The Average Monthly Income Of The Participants Was 152.18 USD (₦56307.91), With A Range Of 5.41-2162.16 USD (₦2,000 – 800,000). A Considerable Proportion (74.3%) Of The Respondents Was Willing To Pay Out Of Pocket For The Vaccine. The Average Maximum Willingness To Pay For The Three Doses Of The Bivalent Vaccine Was 15USD, Far Below 63USD, Which Was The Lowest Cost For The Three Doses Of The Vaccine In Nigeria. Small Family Size (P<0.05) And High Husband’s Monthly Income (P<0.05) Were Significantly Associated With Increased Willingness To Pay For Cervical Cancer Vaccine By The Participants. In Conclusion, The Willingness To Pay For The Cervical Cancer Vaccine Among The Participants Was High But At A Lower Average Cost Than It Currently Goes For In Nigeria.

Immunoinformatics Study on Early 4 Protein of Human Papillomavirus Type 16 for Cervical Cancer Vaccine Peptide Candidate

The aims of this study were to carry out testing of the early 4 protein of type 16 HPV through immunoinformatics meth-ods in an effort to get the peptide vaccine candidate for cervical cancer. The software used are IEDB-AR, CABSdock and Accelrys Discovery Study 4.5. Based on the analysis that sequence of ami-no acid lysine, leucine, leucine, glycine, serine, threonine, tryp-tophan, proline and threonine (KLLGSTWPT) and the sequence of amino acid tyrosine, tyrosine, valine, leucine, histidine, leucine, cysteine, leucine, alanine, alanine, threonine, lysine, tyrosine, pro-line and leucine (YYVLHLCLAATKYPL) are peptide vaccine can-didate for cervical cancer from the early 4 protein of HPV type 16

Cancer vaccines: a newer front of immunotherapy

Vaccines have been used as a promising instrument over the years to combat the dreadful communicable diseases. But now owing to epidemiological transition as the burden of non-communicable diseases has increased, efforts are now being made globally to use this weapon for non-communicable diseases like cancer. Cancer vaccines belong to a class of substances known as “biological response modifiers”. These work by stimulating or restoring the immune system’s ability to fight infections and disease. There are two broad types of cancer vaccines: Preventive (or prophylactic) vaccines and Treatment or therapeutic vaccines. Cancer treatment vaccines are made up of cancer cells, parts of cells or pure antigens. Sometimes a patient’s own immune cells are removed and exposed to these substances in the lab to create the vaccine. Cancer treatment vaccines differ from the vaccines that work against viruses. These vaccines try to get the immune system to mount an attack against cancer cells in the body. Instead of preventing disease, they are meant to get the immune system to attack a disease that already exists. Preventive vaccines are intended to prevent cancer from developing in healthy people. And in fact, many evidence-based studies have proven the decrease in morbidity and mortality in various cancers by usage of some of the vaccines like cervical cancer vaccine etc. The biggest challenges currently facing preventive anti-cancer vaccines are clinical, social, and economic in nature. This article is an effort to highlight the advances in various cancer vaccines, so done, to use them on preventive and therapeutic front.