Estimation features of winter bread wheat quality by the method of sedimentation analysis

It is known that the breeding process is in a great need for fast methods, working on minimal weights of experimental material and revealing the qualitative potential of the varieties. For this purpose, in order to get rid of unpromising numbers, the laboratory assessments widely use a sedimentation analysis, this type of analysis being the main one at the primary stages of breeding and when estimating winter wheat in the pre-harvesting period. The purpose of the current study was to identify the most valuable genotypes in seed plots by sedimentation analysis to optimize the breeding process of winter bread wheat for grain quality. The sedimentation index was estimated by the method using a 2% surfactant (SAS) solution of the sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and 9.4% lactic acid. Gluten content and its quality, volumetric bread yield and falling number were assessed according to generally accepted methods. For the most accurate interpretation of the study results there has been used a one-way analysis of variance. The range of variation of the sedimentation index in the seed plot of CVT was 35–57 ml (2017); 50–83 ml (2018); 56–84 ml (2019); in KP-1 it was 44–95 ml (there were analyzed 945 samples); in KP-2 it was 50–94 ml (there were analyzed 100 samples). Inthe studied seed plot of CVT, which was laid fallow, 25 of 36 variety samples were very strong in quality; 7 ones were strong; 4 ones were medium; there were not identified any satisfactory and weak samples. As for the seed plot KP-2, 88 of 100 were very strong, 11 ones were strong and only one sample was average in quality. In the seed plot KP-1 480 of 945 were very strong (51%); 440 samples were strong (46%), and only 3% (25 pieces) were average in quality; there were not identified any satisfactory and weak samples.

Microsporogenesis and pollen formation in Larch Sukachev (Larix Sukaczewii Djil.) on permanent forest seed plot in Semiluksky forestry

The formation of male and female generative buds in the Sukachev larch in the conditions of Voronezh in the second decade of August is considered. The behavior of chromosomes in the meta-, ana -, and telophase of the first and second divisions of meiosis is analyzed. In each phase, 150–200 microsporocytes were taken into account. According to the results of the conducted studies, it was revealed that the microsporogenesis of larch proceeded asynchronously. A significant proportion of the disorders are caused by chromosome lag and the formation of bridges, the formation of a hexad, and the release of chromosomes outside the division spindle. The viability of Sukachev larch pollen is estimated to be high. A small number of disturbances in the process of meiotic divisions and the formation of gametophytes did not lead to the formation of a significant amount of sterile pollen. The average pollen size varies between 82.18–86.4 microns. Pollen has a spherical shape

ANALYSIS OF DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN TECHNICAL MEANS FOR THE CULTIVATION OF POTATOES AND JERUSALEM ARTICHOKE ON SEED PLOT

Growing potatoes involves extensive ground preparation. Factors affecting the crop are air and moisture permeability of the soil. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in analyzing existing domestic and foreign technical means for growing potatoes and Jerusalem artichoke on seed plot. (Materials and methods) The article presents the advantages and disadvantages of using vertical and horizontal tillage cutters. Authors have analyzed existing domestic and foreign tillage cutters and tools and their applications. (Results and discussion) For high-quality pre-planting tillage there are widely used cutters with horizontal and vertical rotation axes; for loosening the lower layers of soil under a seed plot there are used various paws installed on the cutters; in order to perform several operations by one machine, in particular, continuous milling with loosening the lower layers and strip milling with cutting ridges, separate designs of horizontal cutters contain replaceable both a roller and an apron-ridgeformer. Due to the use of replaceable tools, horizontal cutters are more suitable for performing different operations than vertical ones; a rational design of a milling cultivator for pre-planting soil treatment should contains replaceable organs for continuous milling and leveling the top layer of soil and forming ridges before planting and when caring for potato and Jerusalem artichoke plantings. (Conclusions) Pre-planting milling of the soil for potatoes is better than traditional. Despite the high energy intensity of the process of preparing the soil for planting potatoes, the quality of milling cultivators exceeds the agrotechnical performance of non-driving machines.

Modification of the planter for sowing small-seeded crops

The agrotechnical requirements of presowing soil cultivation have been analyzed, shortcomings in the seed plot have been revealed, in particular parameters of soil leveling and depth of seeding. A grain seeder for sowing grass seeds has been modernized, flax.