scholarly journals Microsporogenesis and pollen formation in Larch Sukachev (Larix Sukaczewii Djil.) on permanent forest seed plot in Semiluksky forestry

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
E.E. Kulakov ◽  
◽  
A.I. Sivolapov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Pollen Size ◽  
Seed Plot ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Division Spindle ◽  
Sterile Pollen ◽  
Pollen Formation ◽  
Sukachev Larch

The formation of male and female generative buds in the Sukachev larch in the conditions of Voronezh in the second decade of August is considered. The behavior of chromosomes in the meta-, ana -, and telophase of the first and second divisions of meiosis is analyzed. In each phase, 150–200 microsporocytes were taken into account. According to the results of the conducted studies, it was revealed that the microsporogenesis of larch proceeded asynchronously. A significant proportion of the disorders are caused by chromosome lag and the formation of bridges, the formation of a hexad, and the release of chromosomes outside the division spindle. The viability of Sukachev larch pollen is estimated to be high. A small number of disturbances in the process of meiotic divisions and the formation of gametophytes did not lead to the formation of a significant amount of sterile pollen. The average pollen size varies between 82.18–86.4 microns. Pollen has a spherical shape

scholarly journals Poverty reduction through women employment in farms and rice mills in an area of Dinajpur district

1970 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-140
Author(s):  
MS Rahman ◽  
MR Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Household Assets

The study was undertaken to examine the socio-economic profiles of women participated in farms and rice mills activities; to examine contribution of women to household income which reducing their poverty; to identify the factors influencing the level of family income in farms and rice mills labourers; and to identify the problems and constraints of farms and rice mills. Bochagonj Upazila of Dinajpur district was selected purposively for the study considering the availability of large number of farm and rice mill labourers. Sixty samples of each category have been selected by random sampling procedure and primary data were collected by direct interview through a pre-tested survey schedule. The educational status, land holding and other household assets position were improved due to the women’s contribution to overall family income. Patterns of family expenditure remained same before and after the women involvement in farm and rice mill works but increased over time that indicated some significant changes in the level of poverty of the households. Age of the respondents, family size, land holding, number of earning members and respondents’ income contributed significantly to the variability of income and employment. Major problems were nature of the work and the variation in the salary level between male and female labourers. Finally, women contributed a small amount but a significant proportion of their family income and the socioeconomic status of the women farm and rice mill labourers should be improved through direct participation in income generating activities by reducing the male and female discriminations. Keywords: Poverty; Women employment; Farm; Rice mills; Income DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v9i1.8755 JBAU 2011; 9(1): 131-139

scholarly journals An Experience with an Outbreak of Kala-azar in a Rural Area of Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdur Rahim ◽  
Md. Moniruzzaman ◽  
Mostofa Kamal ◽  
Shah Golam Nabi ◽  
Supriya Sarkar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Health Authority ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Kala Azar ◽  
History Of

Background: A large number of kala-azar cases from a particular village in Debigonj upazila of Panchaghar, a remote district of Bangladesh, led us to carry out the study of the situation. Materials & methods: This cross-sectional study was done among clinically screened people at the health camp in two days in Dararhat in Debigonj upazila of Panchaghar. Results: Around 700 people were screened at the health camp and 51 (7.2%) were suspected to have either Kala-azar or related disorders where 42 (82%) were rk-39 test positive. The disease was more prevalent among adult (59.6%) and children (23.8%) under the age of 10 years. However, there was no clear linear relationship between the prevalence of the disease and age group. Kala-azar occurred in both male and female, and its prevalence did not correlate significantly with income. A history of fever (73.8%) and splenomegaly (45.2%) was noted in most of the kala-azar cases. A significant number of PKDL (26.2%) cases were also found in that area. Conclusions: Since there are a significant proportion of PKDL cases, eradication will be very tough unless the health authority take adequate measure to identify and treat them properly. J MEDICINE JUL 2019; 20 (1) : 25-28

Temporal patterns of gamete production within individuals of Raphanus sativus (Brassicaceae)

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 480-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen J. Young ◽  
Maureen L. Stanton
Keyword(s):  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Developmental Differences ◽  
Pollen Size ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Ovule Number ◽  
Pollen Number ◽  
Gamete Production ◽  
Phenotypic Gender

Previous studies on the deployment of energy to male and female gametes in plants have concentrated on differences among individuals or among related species. We documented temporal patterns of sex allocation within individual wild radish plants grown under controlled conditions. Lifetime investments in pollen and ovules were determined for four unrelated individuals of Raphanus sativus L. (Brassicaceae). Each individual produced 600–1100 flowers over the approximately 5-week flowering period. Mature floral buds were collected daily and ovule number, pollen grain number, pollen size, and pollen to ovule ratio (P:O) were determined for each. Variation in these traits was partitioned into variation among plants and among dates (representing flowering sequence). There was significant variation among plants for all characters, but because plants responded differently to date for three of the characters, further analyses were performed on a plant-by-plant basis. All plants showed significant reductions in pollen number and P:O through time, three plants showed a significant reduction in pollen size with time, and two plants showed a significant reduction in ovule number with time. The observed variation in phenotypic gender among these plants was not environmentally mediated because all plants were grown together in a controlled environment and therefore the differences in allocation to gametes were due to genetic or developmental differences. A result of intraspecific variation in gamete production is that the success of each individual as a male and female parent is likely to vary both within the population and within the flowering season. Key words: pollen to ovule ratio, Raphanus, pollen number, temporal changes, phenotypic gender, Brassicaceae, radish.

scholarly journals The prevalence of substance use in anaesthesia practitioners in South Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
JL Van Der Westhuizen ◽  
F Roodt ◽  
M Nejthardt ◽  
T Esterhuizen ◽  
M Flint ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
South African ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
The United States ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Moderate Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
South African Society

Background: In the United States the mortality associated with substance abuse among anaesthesia residents is twice that of non-anaesthesia residents. Since no data exist, the primary objective of this cross-sectional study was to establish the prevalence of substance use in South African anaesthesia practitioners. Secondary objectives were to compare the prevalence in male and female practitioners, and in private and state practice anaesthetists. Years of experience and level of training were explored as possible risk factors for hazardous or harmful use. Methods: Participants completed a self-administered, validated WHO questionnaire, over a ten-day period surrounding the 2018 South African Society of Anaesthesiologists (SASA) congress. All doctors practising anaesthesia in South Africa were eligible. Recruitment was via an email link sent to all SASA members, as well as a web-based link at the congress. Results: A total of 1 961 SASA members and 113 non-members (anaesthesiologists, registrars and non-specialists) were invited to participate (total 2 074). There were 434 responses (response rate 20.9%, margin of error 4.18%); 364 were suitable for analysis. The most commonly lifetime-used substances were alcohol (92.8%), tobacco (42.3%), cannabis (34.7%), and sedatives (34.4%). Questionnaire scores defined low-, medium- and high-risk categories according to substance use during the previous three months. Sedative (12.6%) and alcohol (12.1%) users were deemed to be at moderate risk. The prevalence of opioid use was 1.9% (n = 7). Prevalence of substance use was similar in male and female practitioners, as well as in those working in private practice or in state hospitals. Conclusion: The prevalence of current use of alcohol and sedatives is of major concern. A significant proportion of respondents were assessed to be at moderate risk of hazardous or harmful substance use. Gender and practice setting have little impact on substance use. Wellness efforts should be aimed at all anaesthesia practitioners in South Africa.

Infection of post-teneral tsetse flies (Glossina morsitans morsitans and Glossina morsitans centralis) with Trypanosoma brucei brucei

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 1289-1292 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Gooding
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Brucei ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Glossina Morsitans Morsitans ◽  
Tsetse Flies ◽  
Glossina Morsitans ◽  
Trypanosoma Brucei Brucei ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Glossina Morsitans Centralis

A significant proportion of post-teneral male Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood and post-teneral male and female Glossina morsitans centralis Machado develop mature infections of Trypanosoma brucei brucei Plimmer and Bradford without being starved before feeding upon infected rabbits.

Pollination.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicki Cottrell
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Embryo Sac ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Pollen Grain ◽  
Egg Cell ◽  
Dispersal Mechanism ◽  
Haploid Male ◽  
Sterile Pollen ◽  
Pollen Formation

Abstract Pollination of flowers is the transfer of pollen grains (haploid male spores) from the anther (part of the androecium) to the stigma (part of the gynoecium) by biotic or abiotic factors (Sliwinska and Bewley, 2014). For seed and fruit production of agricultural crops the main pollinating agents are wind and insects (George, 2011). After a pollen grain is transferred to a receptive stigma, it absorbs water from the stigma surface and germinates. A pollen tube then grows down into the stigma, through the gynoecium and through the apical micropyle; from there it grows into an ovule in the ovary and double fertilisation then takes place. Two sperm are released into the embryo sac; one fertilises the ovule to produce a diploid zygote, and the other joins with two polar nuclei in the ovule to produce a triploid nucleus that will then develop into the nutrient-rich endosperm (Willmer, 2011). Pollen grain diameter is usually in the range 20-70 μm, and the surface structure and morphology varies considerably between plant species and dispersal mechanism (Wiltshire, 2010). Air temperature can have an effect on pollen formation and viability, with high temperatures potentially leading to sterile pollen (Bosland and Votava, 2012). Irradiated pollen grains are still able to germinate and produce pollen tubes that reach the ovule (Germana, 2012). Although they are unable to fertilise the egg cell, this process induces parthenogenesis and has been widely used to produce haploid fruits (Germana, 2012).

London Theatrical Culture, 1560–1590

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andy Kesson ◽  
Lucy Munro ◽  
Callan Davies
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Early Modern Drama ◽  
Modern Drama ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Historical Moment ◽  
The Rose ◽  
Theatrical Culture ◽  
Indoor Spaces

Early modern drama was a product of the new theatrical spaces that began to open from the 1560s onward, multiple venues in and just outside London that played to a significant proportion of Londoners on most afternoons. Revisiting the evidence for this historical moment offers the opportunity to look afresh at the playhouses, plays, and playmakers that drove this new theatrical culture. These three terms include the inns and indoor spaces that regularly hosted plays, alongside the now more familiar outdoor, amphitheatrical venues the Theatre and the Rose; plays onstage, plays in print, and plays that are now lost; and the writers, actors, company managers, and male and female playhouse builders and investors who made the creation and performance of those plays possible. Conventional histories of this period’s theaters have tended to concentrate on the opening of the Theatre in 1576 as the first such playhouse. Scholarship of the late 20th and early 21st centuries shows that this event was not the initiating formative act it has come to seem, and emphasizes instead the multiple decades and kinds of playing space that need to be attended to in understanding the earliest years of the playhouses. Multiple kinds of playing company, too, operated in this period, in particular companies made up of predominantly adult male performers, with boys playing female roles, and companies composed entirely of boy performers.

scholarly journals The prevalence of substance use in anaesthesia practitioners in South Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
JL Van Der Westhuizen ◽  
F Roodt ◽  
M Nejthardt ◽  
T Esterhuizen ◽  
M Flint ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
South African ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
The United States ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Moderate Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
South African Society

Background: In the United States the mortality associated with substance abuse among anaesthesia residents is twice that of non-anaesthesia residents. Since no data exist, the primary objective of this cross-sectional study was to establish the prevalence of substance use in South African anaesthesia practitioners. Secondary objectives were to compare the prevalence in male and female practitioners, and in private and state practice anaesthetists. Years of experience and level of training were explored as possible risk factors for hazardous or harmful use. Methods: Participants completed a self-administered, validated WHO questionnaire, over a ten-day period surrounding the 2018 South African Society of Anaesthesiologists (SASA) congress. All doctors practising anaesthesia in South Africa were eligible. Recruitment was via an email link sent to all SASA members, as well as a web-based link at the congress. Results: A total of 1 961 SASA members and 113 non-members (anaesthesiologists, registrars and non-specialists) were invited to participate (total 2 074). There were 434 responses (response rate 20.9%, margin of error 4.18%); 364 were suitable for analysis. The most commonly lifetime-used substances were alcohol (92.8%), tobacco (42.3%), cannabis (34.7%), and sedatives (34.4%). Questionnaire scores defined low-, medium- and high-risk categories according to substance use during the previous three months. Sedative (12.6%) and alcohol (12.1%) users were deemed to be at moderate risk. The prevalence of opioid use was 1.9% (n = 7). Prevalence of substance use was similar in male and female practitioners, as well as in those working in private practice or in state hospitals. Conclusion: The prevalence of current use of alcohol and sedatives is of major concern. A significant proportion of respondents were assessed to be at moderate risk of hazardous or harmful substance use. Gender and practice setting have little impact on substance use. Wellness efforts should be aimed at all anaesthesia practitioners in South Africa.

scholarly journals Testing Hormone-specific Antibody Probes for Presumptive Detection and Separation of Contributor Cell Populations in Trace DNA Mixtures

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Miller ◽  
Emily R. Brocato ◽  
Vamsi K. Yadavalli ◽  
Susan A. Greenspoon ◽  
Christopher J. Ehrhardt
Keyword(s):  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Antibody Binding ◽  
Dna Profiling ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Dna Evidence ◽  
Science Laboratories ◽  
Mixture Prior ◽  
Cell Fractions

Abstract“Touch” or trace DNA evidence represent a significant proportion of samples analyzed by forensic science laboratories. Because these samples frequently contain multiple contributors and are often challenging to analyze due to low DNA concentrations and frequent degradation, front end techniques to simplify the mixture prior to DNA profiling could significantly impact case processing and enhance success rates. The goal of this study was to investigate whether targeting hormone molecules within the cell with antibody probes could be used to selectively label and then physically isolate contributor cell populations in trace biological samples. The separation of male and female cells into distinct fractions could reduce the complexity of the mixture prior to DNA profiling. To accomplish this, we first tested the specificity of fluorescently labelled anti-testosterone and anti-dihydrotestosterone antibody probes to epidermal cells from both male and female individuals. Results show that male and female cell populations can be effectively labeled using anti-testosterone and anti-dihydrotestosterone antibody probes and that distinct differences in binding efficiency and resulting median fluorescence of cell populations were observed between several individuals. These differences were then used to design sorting criteria for physically isolating each cell population in two-person epidermal cell mixtures using fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS). DNA profiling of separated fractions in combination with probabilistic modeling demonstrated that some cell mixtures could be enriched for one contributor in separated cell fractions and yielded statistically more discriminating profiles compared to those generated from the original mixtures. Other mixtures tested showed less evidence of effective cell separation possibly due to a number of factors including imbalance of contributor DNA ratio, intra-sex variation of antibody binding efficiency, and contributions of extracellular or cell-free DNA in the mixture sample. Screening and separation of trace DNA samples with this approach may be presumptive and ultimately constrained by specific parameters of the original mixture, however, antibody binding optimization may mitigate some of these influences.

scholarly journals The Relative Contribution of The Male and Female to The Variation in Reproductive Success in Eucalyptus globulus

2009 ◽  
Vol 58 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 129-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaun Suitor ◽  
B. M. Pott ◽  
M. H. Mcgowen ◽  
D. J. Pilbeam ◽  
P. H. Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Capsule Retention

Abstract Low and variable capsule and seed set is a major factor limiting seed production in Eucalyptus globulus seed orchards. This study identified the relative contribution of the maternal and paternal parent to reproductive success in E. globulus, and examined the genetic basis to the observed variation. Reproductive success was measured in terms of the number of viable seeds obtained per flower crossed. Data on the reproductive success of numerous genotypes from the Furneaux, Strzelecki Ranges and Otways races were obtained from: (i) 12 years of operational full-sib crossing; (ii) a designed fullsib diallel mating scheme; and (iii) capsule retention trials conducted over three seasons at two Tasmanian seed orchards on the same ramets of different genotypes. Analysis of the sparse operational data revealed that both male and female factors significantly affected reproductive success, accounting for 5.0% and 7.9% of the variation respectively. The more precise diallel crossing revealed that a large, and significant, proportion 55%, of the variation in reproductive success between crosses at a single site was explained by the female parent. The male parent explained only 6.7%, but this effect was not statistically significant and was related to variation in in vitro pollen germination. The significant female effect was found to be consistent at the genotype level across seasons, sites and pollination techniques suggesting a genetic basis to the variation. It is argued that selection of genetically fecund females is a key consideration in reducing costs of manual pollination for breeding and deployment purposes.

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