Antibiotic treatment of the breadcrumb sponge Halichondria panicea and subsequent recolonization v1

This protocol generates sponges (Halichondria panicea) with a disturbed microbiome under controlled experimental conditions, in order to study bacterial recolonization dynamics. Bacteria-bacteria interactions can be analysed with this set-up within the host environment aiming at a better understanding of sponge-microbe symbiosis in vivo. It is divided into the sections 1) preparation, 2) antibiotic treatment and recovery phase, 3) recolonization with the natural microbiome and 4) sampling.

EFFECTIVENESS OF PROBIOTICS AS AN ADJUNCT IN PERIODONTAL CARE

Relevance of the problem. Periodontitis is a multifactorial inflammatory disease related with dysbiotic plaque biofilms and characterized by progressive destruction of the tooth-supporting apparatus. Treatment of periodontitis aims to prevent further disease progression, to minimize symptoms and perception of the disease, possibly to restore lost tissues and to support patients in maintaining a healthy periodontium. Scaling and root planning (SRP) is the gold standard for the treatment of periodontitis. For the reduction in bacterial recolonization probiotics have been suggested as promising agents not only to retard recolonization, but also to increase the number of beneficial bacteria and to modulate immunological parameters in the prevention and treatment of periodontal disease. Aim of the work. To find out and assess the data of clinical trials that proposes clinical outcomes of the adjunctive use of probiotic for 3 months after SRP in comparison to SRP combined with a placebo. Tasks: 1) ascertain and assess the recolonization of bacteria after active treatment of periodontitis; 2) clarify and evaluate clinical variables improvement after the usage of local adjunctives; 3) find out and assess the distinction between different probiotics strains. Material and methods. This literature review has been carried out in accordance with the PRISMA Statement [23]. Electronic literature review was performed using MEDLINE and ELSEVIER databases and the selection of the articles, published in English between 2010 and 2020 year. The search for publications was based on keywords and their combinations: chronic periodontitis, scaling and root planning, adjunct care, probiotics, supplements. Results. This literature review includes eight suitable studies that met the inclusion criteria. Conclusions. The qualitative findings of the studies showed that major part of the included trials reported significant improvement in clinical periodontal parameters in periodontitis patients with the adjunctive use of probiotics compared with control group. 75 % of included studies made with L. reuteri found probiotic containing L. reuteri usage as an adjunct therapy to be significant in the improvement of clinical parameters. Probiotic therapy could be used for managing periodontal diseases. This review puts a stress on L. reuteri effectiveness. However, further studies are needed to substantiate its longitudinal effect.

Anti-Early Stage of Bacterial Recolonization Effect of Curcuma longa Extract as Photodynamic Adjunctive Treatment

Objective. To evaluate the amount of Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) and Prevotella intermedia (P. intermedia) on subgingival recolonized plaque after mechanical debridement and photodynamic treatment by using blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in combination with topical Curcuma longa gel extract. Methods. A total of 12 subjects with stage III grade B periodontitis were recruited for the study. Maxillary posterior teeth with periodontal pocket >4 mm were selected. These teeth were examined for periodontal clinical data at baseline and at 1, 2, 4, and 6 weeks after treatment. All remaining teeth were treated by scaling and root planing (SRP). Then, the teeth were bilaterally divided using randomized split-mouth design with and without photodynamic adjunctive therapy (PDT). Samples of the subgingival microbiota were obtained in each visit. All samples were analyzed by multicolor TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of target bacteria. Results. Throughout the six-week follow-up, long-term improvement of probing depth and bleeding on probing was revealed on the PDT group. The number of subgingival F. nucleatum and P. intermedia also significantly reduced, compared to the baseline. There was a statistically significant recolonization in F. nucleatum and P. intermedia number after 2 and 4 weeks of conventional SRP, respectively. Our quantitative PCR method showed no significant recolonization of those subgingival bacteria on PDT sites throughout the 6-week study duration. Conclusion. The results showed that adjunctive photodynamic treatment by using blue LEDs in combination with topical Curcuma longa gel extract was effective to alter the recolonization patterns of F. nucleatum and P. intermedia after conventional debridement.