Elaboración de un abono orgánico tipo bocashi y su evaluación en la germinación y crecimiento del rábano//Elaboration of an organic fertilizer type bocashi and its evaluation on germination and growth of radish

El presente estudio consistió en elaborar el bocashi y evaluar su efecto en la germinación y desarrollo del rábano. Las mezclas de bocashi utilizadas fueron: aserrín-mangoplátano (BA), mango (BM) y tradicional (BT). Para la caracterización fisicoquímica se tomó 1 kg de cada bocashi. Para evaluar emergencia en semillas de rábano, se realizó ensayo en charolas de poliestireno con mezcla bocashi – peat moss (1:1 v/v), por triplicado. El Testigo fue suelo agrícola (A). Para evaluar el efecto en la calidad de planta, las plantas fueron trasplantadas a mesas organopónicas de madera, con mezcla bocashi – peat moss (1:1 v/v). El riego fue diario por un mes. A los 30 días del trasplante, se midió: la altura de la planta (cm), el número de hojas y la masa seca de la raíz (g). El tratamiento A promovió la mayor germinación en las semillas de rábano; en cuanto al desarrollo de la planta, el tratamiento A estimuló la altura y número de hojas en las plantas de rábano; sin embargo, el tratamiento BT favoreció la mayor acumulación de biomasa seca. Las plantas de rábano fertilizadas con bocashi presentaron mejor desarrollo que las germinadas en suelo agrícola.ABSTRACTThe present study consisted in the elaboration of a bocashi and the evaluation of its effects on germination and development of radish. The mixtures of bocashi were: saw dust-mangoose-banana (BA), mangoose (BM) and traditional (BT). For physicochemical characterization, 1 kg of each bocashi was taken. To evaluate emergence of radish seeds, an essay was realized in polystyrene trays with a mixture of bocashi – peat moss (1:1 v/v), in triplicate. The reference was agricultural soil (A). To evaluate the effect on plant quality, plants were transplanted to wooden organoponic tables, with a mixture of bocashi – peat moss (1:1 v/v). The irrigation was daily for a month. After thirty days of transplant, we measured: plant height (cm), number of leaves and root dry biomass (g). Treatment A promoted the higher germination of radish seeds; as to the plant development, treatment A stimulated the height and leaves number of radish plant; but nevertheless, treatment BT favored the greater accumulation of dry biomass. The radish plants fertilized with bocashi showed better development than those germinated in agricultural soil.

Source-sink relationships in radish plant

The problem of source-sink relationships in di- and tetraploidal radish plants grown in. hydroponic cultures was investigated in two stages of their development: with intensively growing swollen hypocotyl and in the period of actively accumulating nutrients in the storage organ. It was found, that the proportion, between the mass of organs, their RGR and NAR was very similar in di- and tetraploidal populations, probably owing to a similar rate of photosynthesis and pattern of assimilates distribution. The high variability of swollen hypocotyls size is slightly correlated with the size of the whole aerial part and is not correlated with the rate of photosynthesis in leaves. Partial defoliation of radish plants did not affect the rate of photosynthesis of the remaining leaves. Only in the cotyledones the oldest donors of 14C-assimilates, a slight compensation of photosynthesis was reported. It may suggest, that the rate of photosynthesis in radish plants is not under the control of sink activity. The size of the storage organ have determined in some extent its attractive force and influenced the amount of 14C-assimilates exported from their donors. Translocation of photosynthates from the young, still growing leaves was conditioned mainly by their retention power. Therefore, in young radish plants cotyledons were the main donor of ¹⁴C-assimilates.

Effect of a long chain aliphatic alkohols on growth. gas exchange and assimilate parlitioning in radish plant

In pot experiments the influence of long chain aliphatic alcohols (hexacosanol - HEXA, octacosanol - OCTA and triacontanol - TRIA), which were used in concentration O.00l mg·dm³ , on growth, assimilate partitioning and gas exchange of radish plants cv. "Krakowianka" and "Sopel lodu" were studied. The received results showed that triacontanol was characterized by higher physiological activity than remaining alcohols. TRIA significantly increased yield of mass, as well as it changed the pattern of distribution of assimilates in plants. Under its influence the rate of mass of leaves to mass of storage organs decreased as well as the share of mass of leaves in the total mass of both plant cultivars. TRIA stimulated the rate of net photosynthesis (P_n), howewer, it did not influence the other detennined gas exchange parameters: substomatal concentration of CO₂ (c_i), stomatal conductance for water vapour (g_s) and rate of transpiration (T_r). Remaining alcohols (HEXA and OCFA) did not any influence on growth of plants and their gas exchange but only on distribution of biomass.

DOSES DE NITROGÊNIO NA PRODUÇÃO DE RABANETE FERTIRRIGADO E DETERMINAÇÃO DE CLOROFILA POR MEDIDOR PORTÁTIL NAS FOLHAS

A determinação do teor relativo de clorofila por meio do clorofilômetro é utilizada para predizer a necessidade de adubação nitrogenada visando incrementar a produção em várias culturas. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a resposta de doses de nitrogênio adicionadas ao solo via fertirrigação na produção de rabanete e a relação de clorofila com o teor de nitrogênio foliar da cultivar Redondo Vermelho. O delineamento experimental foram blocos casualizados, com cinco tratamentos (0; 30; 60; 120; 240 kg N ha-1) , cinco repetições, com dois vasos por parcela contendo quatro plantas em cada vaso, sendo duas úteis. Foram avaliados o diâmetro transversal da raiz, área foliar, índice de cor verde, teor de N foliar, a produção da parte aérea; número de raízes comerciais e não comerciais; massa de raízes total e comercial. As doses de N não interferiram na produção do rabanete e as leituras efetuadas com medidor portátil de clorofila não são muito precisas na verificação do nível de N no desenvolvimento da planta de rabanete. UNITERMOS: Raphanus sativus, adubação nitrogenada, clorofilômetro. QUADROS, B.R.; SILVA, E.S.; BORGES, L.S.; MOREIRA, C.A.; MORO, A.L.; VILLAS BÔAS, R.L. NITROGEN LEVELS ON FERTIGATED RADISH PRODUCTION AND CHLOROPHYLL DETERMINATION BY LEAVES PORTABLE METER 2 ABSTRACT The relative chlorophyll determination is used to predict the need for nitrogen fertilization aiming to increase production in various cultures. The objective of this study was to evaluate the soil nitrogen dose response added to the soil via fertigation in radish production and the relation between chlorophyll and cultivar Redondo Vermelho leaf nitrogen content. Transverse diameter of root, leaf area, green index, leaf N contents, shoots (stem) production, number of commercial and noncommercial roots, and the total commercial mass roots were evaluated. The N doses didn’t interfere in the radish production and the readings taken with portable chlorophyll meter are not very accurate in ascertaining the level of N on radish plant growth. Keywords: Raphanus sativus, nitrogen fertilization, chlorophyll.