Growth and production of potato mini tubers (Solanum tuberosum L.) in the aeroponic system by root zone treatment and concentration of leaf-fertilizer

This study was conducted to increase the growth of potato and its mini tuber yield by root zone treatment and the concentration of leaf-fertilizer in the aeroponics system. This research was done at Experimental Farm of The Agriculture Faculty, Universitas Syiah Kuala from October 2019 until July 2020. There were 2 levels of root zone treatment; control (without cooling) and root zone cooling. Meanwhile the concentration of leaf-fertilizer consists of 5 levels; control, 500 ppm, 1000 ppm, 1500 ppm and 2000 ppm. The results showed that the root zone treatment significantly affected the plant dry weight. The heaviest plant dry weight obtained from the plant grown in root zone cooling treatment. The concentration of leaf-fertilizer very significantly affected the plant dry weight, which the best concentration of 500 ppm produced 751.28 mg plant-dry-weight. There was a very significant effect at a combination of root zone treatment and concentration of leaf-fertilizer on plant dry weight, which the best treatment was found in a combination of root zone cooling and 500 ppm concentration of leaf-fertilizer. The plant with that treatment produced mini tuber, while the others did not.

Allelopathic Activity and Characterization of Allelopathic Substances from Elaeocarpus floribundus Blume Leaves for the Development of Bioherbicides

To help protect the environment as well as increase agricultural production, the use of synthetic herbicides must be reduced and replaced with plant-based bioherbicides. Elaeocarpus floribundus is a perennial, evergreen, and medium-sized plant grown in different areas of the world. The pharmaceutical properties and various uses of Elaeocarpus floribundus have been reported, but its allelopathic potential has not yet been explored. Thus, we carried out the present study to identify allelopathic compounds from Elaeocarpus floribundus. Aqueous MeOH extracts of Elaeocarpus floribundus significantly suppressed the growth of the tested species (cress and barnyard grass) in a dose- and species-dependent way. The three most active allelopathic substances were isolated via chromatographic steps and characterized as (3R)-3-hydroxy-β-ionone, cis-3-hydroxy-α-ionone, and loliolide. All three substances significantly limited the seedling growth of cress, and the compound (3R)-3-hydroxy-β-ionone had stronger allelopathic effects than cis-3-hydroxy-α-ionone and loliolide. The concentrations of the compounds required for 50% growth inhibition (I50 value) of the cress seedlings were in the range of 0.0001–0.0005 M. The findings of this study indicate that all three phytotoxic substances contribute to the phytotoxicity of Elaeocarpus floribundus.

Influence of Different Rates of Seaweed Extract on Chlorophyll Content, Vegetative Growth and Flowering Traits of Gerbera (Gerbera Jamesonii L.) Grown Under The Shade Net House Conditions

The experiment was carried out under the shade net house conditions in a private farm located in Al-Diwaniyah city, Al-Qadisiyah, Iraq to investigate the influence of applying different rates of seaweed extract (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 g/L) on different plant growth parameters and flowers production of gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii L.) plant. Results showed that there were statistically differences in the levels of seaweed extract that applied as a source of organic fertilizer, and also applying seaweed fertilizer has been increased the agronomic traits and number of flowers produced per plant. It can be concluded that applying of seaweed fertilizer at 3.0 (g/L) had beneficial influenced on the growth and flowering production of gerbera plant grown under the shade net house conditions.

Analysis Results of Yarrow Medicinal Plant Used as Gastroprotective and Its Use in Health

Introduction: Herbal treatments are a sub-branch of traditional and complementary medicine. People generally use it to strengthen health. It is mostly used with the advice of radio-television, internet and friends. Among the side effects, the most frequent allergic reactions can be seen. tandardized products should be used.It is reported that 80% of the essential oils of mercury (Achillea herba L.) must be monoterpene. Sesquiterpene group is guaianolite, germacranolite, edesmanolite and has anti-inflammatory, anti-edematous, antimicrobial effect. As flavonoid routine, it contains apigenin. Quinine has effects that increase secretion and appetite. It is spasmolytic due to azulene and flavonoids. It is used in gastric mucosa irritations. It is defined as a gastroprotective drug. Azulene and camazulene give wound healing properties to essential oil. The symptoms of inflammation are relieving. Method: Plants (Achillea herba L.) Grown in July Organic Farm in Konya region were used. Analyzes were conducted in the laboratory of the Western Mediterranean Antalya Regional Directorate of Agriculture and Forestry. Total volatile oil content flavonoid amount was determined in the analysis. The amount of essential oil of lavender plant grown in Konya region was measured by hydrodistillation method. Essential oil components were measured by GC-MS / FID method. Result: In this study, we aimed to present phytochemical analysis of mercury (Achillea herba L.)) Plant grown in Konya region. Total essential oil amount was found to be 0.62%. Piperitone takes the first place with 31.25% and p-mentha -1, 5-dien-8-ol with 14.49% and α-pinene with 10.61%. When the content analysis of European countries is examined in the literature studies, it is seen that the amount of Kamuzulen and monoterpene in the plants grown in Estonia region is higher than other European countries (Hungary, Greece, Moldova, Lithuania, and Germany). Millefolii herba is recommended as gastroprotective drug. It is also used after prostate adenectomy because of its antiinflammatory properties.

Cytological and Molecular Characterization for Ploidy Determination in Yams (Dioscorea spp.)

Yam (Dioscorea spp.) is a monocotyledonous herbaceous vine plant grown in the tropics and subtropics. It is a multi-species plant with varied intra- and interspecific ploidy levels. Of the 600 species, 11 are cultivated supporting the livelihood of over 300 million people. The paucity of information on ploidy and the genomic constitution is a significant challenge to the crop’s genetic improvement through crossbreeding. The objective of this study was to investigate the ploidy levels of 236 accessions across six cultivated and two wild species using chromosome counting, flow cytometry and genotyping-based ploidy determination methods. Results obtained from chromosome counting and genotyping-based ploidy determination were in agreement. In majority of the accessions, chromosome counting and flow cytometry were congruent, allowing future rapid screening of ploidy levels using flow cytometry. Among cultivated accessions, 168 (71%) were diploid, 50 (21%) were triploid, and 12 (5%) were tetraploid. Two wild species included in the study were diploids. Resolution of ploidy level in yams offers opportunities for implementing successful breeding programmes through intra- and interspecific hybridization.

Seasonal Variation in Chemical Compositions of Essential Oils Extracted from Lavandin Flowers in the Yun-Gui Plateau of China

Lavandin, as an important cash crop, is cultivated in Kunming, Yun-Gui Plateau of China. For the special growing environment, Lavandin was grown here and used to investigate the changes in the yield and chemical compositions of essential oils extracted from the flowers in different seasons. The essential oils were extracted by hydro-distillation and analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results indicated great changes in chemical composition depending on the season of harvesting. The yields of essential oils ranged from 2.0% to 3.8% among the seasons, and the highest yield was in the summer. Chemical composition data showed that the extracted oils were rich in oxygenated monoterpenes (55.4–81.4%), eucalyptol (38.7–49.8%), camphor (8.41–14.26%), α-bisabolol (6.6–25.5%), and linalool (4.6–12.5%). The contents of eucalyptol and α-bisabolol changed in a contrary trend with seasonal variations. The results provided new insight for Chinese Lavandin germplasm to be used in application and development, and reference to the researcher, the farmer, and investor for sustainable industrialization of the plant grown in the Yun-Gui Plateau of China, but also the similar plateau area of the sustainable developments.

Insights into Endophytic Bacterial Diversity of Rice Grown Across the Different Agro-ecological Regions of West Bengal, India

Endophytes have recently garnered importance worldwide and multiple studies are being conducted to understand their important role and mechanism of interaction inside plants. But before we indulge in their functions it is necessary to dig into the microbiome. This will help to get a complete picture of the microbes intrinsic to their host and understand changes in community composition with respect to their habitats. To fulfil this requirement in our study we have attempted to dissect the endophytic diversity in roots of rice plant grown across the various agro-ecological zones of West Bengal by undergoing amplicon analysis of their 16S rRNA gene. We found that the agro-ecological zones can be divided into two groups: nutrient dense (GAZ, NHZ and TTAZ) and nutrient low groups (CSZ, RLZ and VAZ). Few genera (Aeromonas, Sulfurospirillum, Uliginosibacterium, etc.) are present in samples cultivated in all the zones representing the core microbiome of rice in West Bengal while some other genera like Lactococcus, Dickeya, Azonexus, Pectobacterium, etc. are unique to specific zone. It can be concluded that understanding which particular endophytes cohabit with the internal plant environment can play an important role in endophyte-based stress management strategy.