Growth Evaluation of Native Chicken on Different Type of Hen Body Weight

The aim of this research is to measure effect of hen body weight to the growth rate of native chicken. Ten native hens divided by two classifications (heavy and light body weight), 2 native roosters, 58 (from hen with heavy body weight) and 62 (from hen with light body weight) female day old chicks (DoC) use in this research. Hatching machine, communal cage, feeder tray, drinking jar, balance body weight and vernier calliper, were use in this research. Body weight and morphometric of female native chicken from DoC up to 10 week was measured. T-test analysis was used with help of SPSS 25. The results showed that the hen with heavy body weight resulted to the higher morphometric and body weight of female native chicken (P<0.05) on 7 and 8 week, respectively. The growth rate gain of female native chicken hatched by the hen with heavy body weight is significantly difference (P<0.05) on body weight. The conclusion is the hen with heavy body weight will result to the higher body weight and morphometric of female native chicken.

Flowability, Tear Strength, and Hydrophilicity of Current Elastomers for Dental Impressions

This study investigates 2 polyethers (PE), 2 polyvinylsiloxanethers (VXSE), and 10 polyvinylsiloxanes (PVS), seven of which had a corresponding light-body consistency and seven of which had a corresponding heavy-body consistency. Each light-body elastomer underwent a flowability test using the shark fin method 20, 50, and 80 s after mixing. The tear strength test DIN 53504 was used after setting the time (T0). Next, 24 h later (T1), hydrophilicity testing was used with static contact angles in water drops during polymerization (20, 50, and 80 s, as well as after 10 min). The heavy-body elastomers underwent shark fin testing with a corresponding light-body material at 50 and 80 s after mixing. The results of light-body testing were combined in a score to describe their performance. The highest differences were detected within flowability in shark fin heights between PE and a PVS (means of 15.89 and 6.85 mm) within the maximum tear strengths at T0 between a PVS and PE (3.72 and 0.75 MPa), as well as within hydrophilicity during setting between VXSE and a PVS (15.09° and 75.5°). The results indicate that VSXE and novel PVS materials can significantly compensate shortcomings in PE towards tear strength and hydrophilicity, but not flowability.

Locomotion and kinematics of arachnids

A basic feature of animals is the capability to move and disperse. Arachnids are one of the oldest lineages of terrestrial animals and characterized by an octopodal locomotor apparatus with hydraulic limb extension. Their locomotion repertoire includes running, climbing, jumping, but also swimming, diving, abseiling, rolling, gliding and -passively- even flying. Studying the unique locomotor functions and movement ecology of arachnids is important for an integrative understanding of the ecology and evolution of this diverse and ubiquitous animal group. Beyond biology, arachnid locomotion is inspiring robotic engineers. The aim of this special issue is to display the state of the interdisciplinary research on arachnid locomotion, linking physiology and biomechanics with ecology, ethology and evolutionary biology. It comprises five reviews and ten original research reports covering diverse topics, ranging from the neurophysiology of arachnid movement, the allometry and sexual dimorphism of running kinematics, the effect of autotomy or heavy body parts on locomotor efficiency, and the evolution of silk-spinning choreography, to the biophysics of ballooning and ballistic webs. This closes a significant gap in the literature on animal biomechanics.

How Body Size Cues Judgments on Person Perception Dimensions

Many people in Western societies pursue a thin body. Among the multiple reasons to lose weight, concerns about social perceptions play a prominent role in the desire to shed pounds. Previous research associates thinness with attractiveness, especially in Western societies. The current work demonstrates that moderate deviations from the average body size cue judgments on person perception dimensions. Results from three studies show that whereas moderately thin (vs. heavy) individuals are rated as more competent, moderately heavy (vs. thin) people are rated as more warm. The studies present mediation- and manipulation-based evidence that these effects occur because a thin (vs. heavy) body signals self-control—a construct instrumental in drawing competence inferences—and that a heavy (vs. thin) body signals emotional expressiveness—a construct that triggers inferences of warmth.

ASSESSMENT OF STALLIONS OF THE NOVOALEKSANDROVSKY DRAFT BREED

The purpose of this work was to study the main factor of breeding – the quality of stallions. The material for research was a database and catalogues of stallions of the Novoalexandrovsky draft breed, allowed for breeding use. The pedigrees of stallions for 5 rows of ancestors were analysed, linear combinations were established (stallion line × mare line), as well as the presence of inbreeding to the V degree. The genealogical structure of the breed is determined, and promising line continuers are identified. Analysis of linear facilities evaluated sires showed that 8 of them belong to the line (1390) Tantal (57,0 %) and three stallion lines (935) Koketlivy (21,5 %) and (909) Gradus (21.5 %). All rated stallions have complex inbreeding in moderate and remote degrees, mainly on Tantal, Koketlivy, Velbot. Analysis of breeding methods for stallions revealed that only one stallion was obtained in an intra-linear combination (1390) of Tantal, the rest were obtained in inter-linear combinations: (1390) Tantal × (909) Gradus (3 stallions), (1390) Tantal × (109) Gazon (3 stallions), (935) Koketlivy × (909) Gradus (2 stallions) and one stallion in combinations: (1390) Tantal × (200) Captain, (935) Koketlivy × (109) Gazon, (909) Gradus × (1390) Tantal, (909) Gradus × (596) Podenshhik, (909) Gradus × (200) Captain. An assessment of the dynamics of the number of breeding stallions in genealogical lines over the 25-year period of breeding work with the Novoalexandrovsky draft breed in Ukraine found a catastrophic reduction in the number of breeding stallions and narrowing the genealogical structure to three lines, while at the time of testing, the breed was structured into 9 genealogical lines. By comparing the exterior of stallions of different lines, that all of the representatives are typical of the heavy body structure, such as: strong constitution, small type head, long neck with an expressive crest, broad chest, long body, medium length of back and loin, correct length and slope of croup, well developed muscles. The limbs are strong with a sufficient circumference of the pastern but with disadvantages of structure: there are different hooves, stretch legs, sabre, clubfoot. The largest stallions by all sizes belong to the line (935) of the Koketlivy (p≤0.05) Thus, it is established that the reproduction composition of the Novoalexandrovsky draft breed is completed with standard stallions-producers of the three most promising genealogical lines. However, the negative dynamics of the population and the narrowing of the genealogical structure pose can be a significant threat to the disappearance of the last remnants of the breed.

Oxford Calculators

‘Oxford Calculators’ is a modern label for a group of thinkers at Oxford in the mid-fourteenth century, whose approach to problems was noticed in the immediately succeeding centuries because of their tendency to solve by ‘calculations’ all sorts of problems previously addressed by other methods. If for example the question was, what must a monk do to obey the precept of his abbot to pray night and day, a ‘calculator’ might immediately rephrase the question to ask whether there is a minimum time spent in prayer that would be sufficient to fulfil the abbot’s precept, or a maximum time spent that would be insufficient to fulfil the precept. Or, if grace was supposed to be both what enables a Christian to act meritoriously and a reward for having so acted, then a calculator might ask whether the degree of grace correlated with a meritorious act occurs at the moment of the meritorious act, before the act when the decision to act is being made, or after the act when the reward of increased grace is given. If a body was hot at one end but cold at the other, then a calculator might ask not whether it is to be labelled hot or cold, but how hot it is as a whole. Finally, if it was asked whether a heavy body acts as a whole or as the sum of its parts, then a calculator might take the case of a long thin rod falling through a tunnel pierced through the centre of the earth and attempt to calculate how the rod’s velocity would decrease as parts of the rod passed the center of the cosmos, if it acted as the sum of its parts. Of these four questions, the last two were asked by Richard Swineshead, a mid-fourteenth century fellow of Merton College, Oxford, whose Liber calculationum (Book of Calculations) led to his being given the name ‘Calculator’. By association with Richard Swineshead, other Oxford masters including Thomas Bradwardine, Richard Kilvington, William Heytesbury, Roger Swineshead and John Dumbleton have been labelled the ‘Oxford Calculators’. Their work contains a distinctive combination of logical and quantitative techniques, which results from the fact that it was often utilized in disputations on sophismata (de sophismatibus). This same group of thinkers, with emphasis on their mathematical rather than logical work, has been called the ‘Merton School’, because many but not all of the Calculators were associated with Merton College, Oxford. Besides calculatory works, the same authors wrote works in which calculatory techniques are not so prominent, including commentaries on Aristotle, mathematical compendia and commentaries on Peter Lombard’s Sentences.