Geomorphology and geochemistry of the late Cenozoic volcanoes in the Halaha River-Chaoer River volcanic fields, western Greater Hinggan Mountain Range, NE China

The Halaha River-Chaoer River (HC) volcanic field in the Greater Hinggan Mountain Range (NE China) consists of at least 41 monogenetic basaltic volcanoes. Strombolian, violent Strombolian, and phreatomagmatic eruptions, as well as the transitional eruptions, generated simple volcanic cone (single vent) and composite volcanic cone (multiple vents). Simple elongated cone is the most abundant geomorphology type. By analyzing the elongated crater and coalescent aligned circular crater, cone breaching and depression, and aligned vents, we identified a number of magma-feeding fissures. The majority of these fissures strike NE-ENE. Accordingly, we infer that the regional stress field affected volcanism in the HC field. The lavas in this field are alkali basalts that are enriched in light rare earth elements (La/YbN = 7.9 to 24.5). Their OIB-like REE and spider-diagram patterns, high Nb/U ratios, and high TiO2 contents (> 2 wt. %) indicate that the basalts were derived from the asthenosphere mantle. Both the asthenosphere upwelling and the tectonic forces are the key controlling factors of the volcanism in the HC field.Supplementary material at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5355233

Activation of the Sarychev Peak volcano in 2020–2021 (Matua Isl., the Central Kuril Islands)

This publication, based on remote sensing data, examines the features of the effusive eruption of the Sarychev Peak volcano (Matua Isl., the Central Kuril Islands), which took place from December 2020 till February 2021. On the basis of the analysis of the Sentinel satellite data, it was established that starting from December 2020, the crater of the Sarychev Peak volcano began to fill with lava. As of January 18, 2021, it was completely filled, then lava outpouring through a fissure in the north-northwest part began. A lava flow (length 2 km, width 80–90 m) descended along the bottom of the valley, which cuts the northwestern slope of the volcanic cone. The outpouring of lava was completed by February 7, 2021. The effusive eruption of the Sarychev Peak volcano in 2020–2021 is atypical for the modern stage of eruptive history, characterized mainly by explosive and explosive-effusive type of eruptions.

Topography and structural changes of Anak Krakatau due to the December 2018 catastrophic events

The flank collapse of Anak Krakatau on 22 December 2018 caused massive topography losses that generated a devastating tsunami in Sunda Strait, which then followed by eruptions that progressively changed the topography and structure of Anak Krakatau. Here, we investigated topography and structural changes due to the December 2018 flank collapse and the following eruptions by using high resolution Digital Elevation Model (DEM) before and after the events and sentinel 1A satellite image post-flank collapsed. Results show that the volumetric losses due to the 22 December 2018 flank collapsed is ~127 x 106 m3, while the following eruptions caused ~0,8 x 106 m3 losses. Structural investigation suggests two structures that may act as failure planes. The first structure is located at the western part of volcanic edifice that associated with hydrothermal alteration and the second failure is an old crater rim which delineated an actively deform volcanic cone.

Ancient Tsunami Tied to Volcanic Flank Collapse in Italy

Stromboli’s volcanic cone may have suffered multiple flank collapses between the 14th and 16th centuries, triggering tsunamis that led to the abandonment of the island.

The MURAVES project and other parallel activities on muon absorption radiography

The MURAVES (MUon RAdiography of VESuvius) project is a joint activity participated by INGV, INFN and the Universities of Naples “Federico II” and Florence. The collaboration, following the experience gained within the previous INFN R&D project Mu-Ray, is currently completing the production of a robust four square meter low power consumption detector to be installed on the flank of Mount Vesuvius, an active volcano located on the western coast of Italy. The detector is supposed to collect data for at least one year, thus allowing performing a scan of the structure of the Vesuvius volcanic cone. In this work the status of the project and some parallel activities on muon radiography are presented.