Fashion, Beauty, and Nation

This chapter examines the various ways in which fashion, beauty, and nation intersect. It covers topics such as ethnic relations, class hierarchy and transgression, punk culture, and cosmetic surgery and masculinity. Chapter contents: 1.0 Introduction (by Séagh Kehoe) 1.1 Beautifying Uyghur Bodies: Fashion, ‘Modernity’, and State Power in the Tarim Basin (by Timothy Grose) 1.2 Karaoke Bar Hostesses and Japan-Korea Wave in Postsocialist China: The Politics of Fashion, Class Hierarchy, and Transgression (by Tiantian Zheng) 1.3 Punk Culture and Its Fashion in China (by Jian Xiao) 1.4 Cosmetic Surgery, Flower Boys, and Soft Masculinity in China (by Wen Hua)

Sensor-Based Human Activity Recognition Using Adaptive Class Hierarchy

In sensor-based human activity recognition, many methods based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been proposed. In the typical CNN-based activity recognition model, each class is treated independently of others. However, actual activity classes often have hierarchical relationships. It is important to consider an activity recognition model that uses the hierarchical relationship among classes to improve recognition performance. In image recognition, branch CNNs (B-CNNs) have been proposed for classification using class hierarchies. B-CNNs can easily perform classification using hand-crafted class hierarchies, but it is difficult to manually design an appropriate class hierarchy when the number of classes is large or there is little prior knowledge. Therefore, in our study, we propose a class hierarchy-adaptive B-CNN, which adds a method to the B-CNN for automatically constructing class hierarchies. Our method constructs the class hierarchy from training data automatically to effectively train the B-CNN without prior knowledge. We evaluated our method on several benchmark datasets for activity recognition. As a result, our method outperformed standard CNN models without considering the hierarchical relationship among classes. In addition, we confirmed that our method has performance comparable to a B-CNN model with a class hierarchy based on human prior knowledge.

Learn class hierarchy using convolutional neural networks

A large amount of research on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) has focused on flat Classification in the multi-class domain. In the real world, many problems are naturally expressed as hierarchical classification problems, in which the classes to be predicted are organized in a hierarchy of classes. In this paper, we propose a new architecture for hierarchical classification, introducing a stack of deep linear layers using cross-entropy loss functions combined to a center loss function. The proposed architecture can extend any neural network model and simultaneously optimizes loss functions to discover local hierarchical class relationships and a loss function to discover global information from the whole class hierarchy while penalizing class hierarchy violations. We experimentally show that our hierarchical classifier presents advantages to the traditional classification approaches finding application in computer vision tasks. The same approach can also be applied to some CNN for text classification.

Effects of Program Representation on Pointer Analyses — An Empirical Study

Static analysis frameworks, such as Soot and Wala, are used by researchers to prototype and compare program analyses. These frameworks vary on heap abstraction, modeling library classes, and underlying intermediate program representation (IR). Often, these variations pose a threat to the validity of the results as the implications of comparing the same analysis implementation in different frameworks are still unexplored. Earlier studies have focused on the precision, soundness, and recall of the algorithms implemented in these frameworks; however, little to no work has been done to evaluate the effects of program representation. In this work, we fill this gap and study the impact of program representation on pointer analysis. Unfortunately, existing metrics are insufficient for such a comparison due to their inability to isolate each aspect of the program representation. Therefore, we define two novel metrics that measure these analyses’ precision after isolating the influence of class-hierarchy and intermediate representation. Our results establish that the minor differences in the class hierarchy and IR do not impact program analysis significantly. Besides, they reveal the sources of unsoundness that aid researchers in developing program analysis.

Analyzing Knowledge Representation of University Ontology Through Semantic Web

Nowadays, people are using lots of websites for searching and retrieving information. Most of the websites keep information in a simple format with all information simply linked with each other. Such type of information has less accuracy. So, there is utmost important to work on knowledge-based, information presentation. Hence, the advent of the semantic web called intelligent and meaningful web is a new trend in the area of web development. Ontology is a key term widely used in the development of the Semantic Web. It is an idea, which strongly focused on class, object, and relationship relatively than information. Protégé is a tool widely used for ontology development and customization. It has a user interface for ontology results visualization. It provides a view for a developer for a strong focus on creating knowledge rather than syntax. It provides the flexibility to add-on more additional features by the extendable plug-in. The purpose of this work is to develop a knowledge-based university system. Here, as an example of Indira Gandhi Delhi Technical University Delhi has been taken and created a university ontology using protégé tool. It also includes various aspects like classes, class hierarchy, superclass and subclass, and also created a subclass instance for designing class, class hierarchy, query searching, and retrieval process, and the result is demonstrated in graphical form.

Of lions and Yakshis

Vladimir Propp’s theory Morphology of the Folktale identifies 31 invariant functions, subfunctions, and seven classes of folktale characters to describe the narrative structure of the Russian magic tale. Since it was first published in 1928, Propp’s approach has been used on various folktales of different cultural backgrounds. ProppOntology models Propp’s theory by describing narrative functions using a combination of a function class hierarchy and characteristic relationships between the Dramatis Personae for each function. A special focus lies on the restrictions Propp defined regarding which Dramatis Personae fulfill a certain function. This paper investigates how an ontology can assist traditional Humanities research in examining how well Propp’s theory fits for folktales outside of the Russian–European folktale culture. For this purpose, a lightweight query system has been implemented. To determine how well both the annotation schema and the query system works, twenty African tales and fifteen tales from the Kerala region in India were annotated. The system is evaluated by examining two case studies regarding the representation of characters and the use of Proppian functions in African and Indian tales. The findings are in line with traditional analogous Humanities research. This project shows how carefully modelled ontologies can be utilized as a knowledge base for comparative folklore research.

A Question of Taste

Chapter 3 explores the Bolshoi Ballet’s 1962 tour of the United States, which took place during the Cuban Missile Crisis. In the wake of the crisis, President Kennedy and his family staged numerous public meetings with the Bolshoi dancers to soothe the mounting political tensions. In the critical reception of the Bolshoi, however, a less conciliatory strain emerged. American critics understood the Soviet works through the lens of taste, a framework related to domestic struggles about the positioning of ballet in an aesthetic and class hierarchy. They disparagingly compared the Bolshoi’s new production of Spartacus to Hollywood epic films. These concerns were in turn related to a desire to foster the United States’ status as an emerging ideological empire.