A Method for Behavior Change Support by Controlling Psychological Effects on Walking Motivation Caused by Step Count Log Competition System

Systems presenting information that encourages competition by using rankings and scores (hereafter referred to as competition information) have become widespread to support behavioral change. However, users without high levels of motivation, such as behavior change support targets, do not necessarily benefit from competition information. In this study, we propose a method to control the psychological effects caused by competition information to support behavior change. We implemented a competition information presentation system using step counts logs to support increasing one’s daily steps. We designed two patterns of competition information considering psychological effects. One is likely to have good effects, using three mechanisms to easily obtain results corresponding to the effort, make closely matched rivals with similar abilities, and pay attention to a small number of rivals. The other is unlikely to have positive effects and may potentially even have negative ones, using a mechanism that brings about the opposite results of the former pattern. We evaluated 42 participants with low levels of motivation over six weeks. The results showed that the former information pattern increased participants’ step counts by about 1000 steps per day, and the latter information pattern did not lead to an increase. We confirmed the feasibility of the proposed method and discussed the possibility of the appropriate use and potential abuse of such techniques for manipulating motivation. Our study can be helpful in designing a competition information presentation system considering psychological effects.

Deferred expenses in accounting (financial) reporting: The current status

Subject. This article examines the current state of formation and disclosure of information on expenses of future periods in the accounting (financial) statements of top commercial organizations in Russia. Objectives. The article aims to study the current practice of forming information on expenses of future periods in the accounting and reporting of organizations engaged in various activities, identify the peculiarities of information presentation, and solve the identified problems. Methods. For the study, I used a comparative analysis, observation, comparison, generalization, and systematization. Results. Having considered the practices of presenting information on deferred expenses in the financial statements of the top Russian organizations for 2020, compiled in accordance with the Russian accounting rules, the article substantiates that the expenses of future periods (or deferred expenses) are a special object of accounting due to their uniqueness and information capability. Recognition of such expenses in accounting and reporting is possible if they lead to the receipt of income during several reporting periods. Conclusions. Currently, the presentation of information on deferred expenditures in the accounting (financial) statements causes many problems, for the structure and content of expenses of various organizations are heterogeneous, they depend on industry characteristics and professional accounting judgment of reporting accountants.

Design of learning scenarios based on learning styles according to the KOLB model

The term learning style refers to the concept of individual differences in which teaching or learning mode is most effective for them. Proponents of learning style assessment believe that optimal teaching requires diagnosing individual learning styles and adjusting teaching accordingly. The assessment of learning styles usually requires people to assess what kind of information presentation they like and/or the mental activities they find most attractive or suitable, although the assessment tools are very diverse, in this article we will propose a pedagogical scenarios 'design adapted to different learning style.

DICTIONARY TYPOLOGY OF VALERY V. MORKOVKIN IN THE ASPECT OF MODERN LEXICOGRAPHY

Статья преследует цель дополнения и расширения словарной типологии В.В. Морковкина с учетом активных процессов в современной лексикографии. В ней рассматриваются словари, появившиеся за последние 30 лет, и предпринимается попытка органично вписать их в намеченную ученым модель лексикографического пространства. Автор вводит четвертое измерение классификации («кто»-основание) и предлагает ряд новых параметров для оценки словарных продуктов (природа рассматриваемого в словаре объекта, метаязык словарного описания, стиль подачи информации, носитель информации, исходные материалы и др.). Обсуждаемые в статье противопоставления словарей (бумажные – электронные, картотечные – корпусные, вербальные – поликодовые, авторские – волонтерские – партнерские и мн. др.) развивают идеи В.В. Морковкина и способствуют их актуализации. The article aims to supplement and expand the dictionary typology of V.V. Morkovkin, taking into account the active processes in the modern lexicography. There considered dictionaries appeared over the past 30 years, and attempted to organically fit them into the model of lexicographic space planned by the scientist. The author introduces the fourth dimension of classification (“who”-the basis) and offers several new parameters for evaluating dictionary products (the nature of the object considered in the dictionary, the metalanguage of the dictionary description, the style of information presentation, the information carrier, source materials, etc.). The contrasts of dictionaries discussed in the article (paper – electronic, card – case, verbal – polycode, author's – volunteer – partner, etc.) develop ideas of V.V. Morkovkin and contribute to their actualization.

LEXICOGRAPHIC DESIGN: THE SYSTEM OF COORDINATES

Статья посвящена одной из основных областей теории и практики лексикографии: лексикографическому конструированию – созданию словарей как инженерно-филологической деятельности. Лексикографическое конструирование как целостная теоретико-практическая деятельность осуществляется в системе четырех взаимосвязанных координат: а) Что-координата определяет объект описания, его теоретическое обоснование и лингвистические аспекты интерпретации заголовочных единиц; б) Для кого-координата касается пользовательских характеристик словаря, влияющих на его объем и содержание; в) Как-координата обусловливает структурные характеристики и собственно конструирование словаря; г) от Где-координаты зависит форма/среда реализации словаря. Каждая из координат по отдельности и все они вместе влияют на макро- и микроструктуру словаря, состав его лексикографических параметров, форму представления информации и другие аспекты. The article is devoted to one of the main areas of the theory and practice of lexicography: lexicographic design – the development of dictionaries as an engineering and philological activity. Lexicographic design as an integral theoretical and practical activity is carried out in a system of four interrelated coordinates: a) What-coordinate determines the object of description, theoretical basis for the dictionary and linguistic aspects of the interpretation of headwords; b) For whom-coordinate concerns the user characteristics of the dictionary that affect its volume and content; c) How-coordinate determines the structural characteristics and the process of creating of the dictionary; d) the form / environment of the dictionary implementation depends on Where-coordinates. Each of the coordinates separately and all of them together affect the macro- and microstructure of the dictionary, the composition of its lexicographic parameters, the form of information presentation and other aspects.

Multimedia Filtering Analysis of Massive Information Combined with Data Mining Algorithms

With the advent of the big data era, information presentation has exploded. For example, rich methods such as audio and video have integrated more information, but with it, a lot of bad information has been brought. In view of this situation, this paper relies on data mining algorithms, builds a multimedia filtering system model for massive information, and integrates content recognition, packet filtering, and other technologies to match the two to ensure the integrity and real time of filtering. Practice results prove that the method is effective.

Appropriate Assembly Instruction Modes: Factors to Consider

Presented is a literature study into the importance of how information in assembly instructions in manual assembly is presented, more specifically how various factors such as the complexity of the assembly itself, the mental and physical workload of the worker, as well as the experience and skill level of the worker affect the requirements for information presentation. The requirements made by Industry 4.0 on flexibility in production lines and an increased number of variants produced causes increased demands on workers, which leads to more cognitive demands being made on assembly workers. Studies exist around assembly instruction modes, but have in many cases ignored factors such as worker skill level, mental workload, and task complexity and how these affect the requirements for information presentation, which is a major contribution of this study. The findings are that no single solution fits all requirements, but that the aforementioned factors should be taken into account.