Язык государствообразующего народа. Об одной поправке к российской конституции в контексте мифологической функции законодательного текста

In the conditions of a rule-of-law state, the Constitution is the main reference point of its legal system, while in the realities of modern society living in a state governed by the rule of law, it may also have significant symbolic functions. The new wording of Article 68 of the Russian Constitution, proposed in the law of 2020 on the amendment to the Constitution, defines the state language – Russian – as "the language of the state-forming nation belonging to the multinational union of equal nations of the Russian Federation". In this article, this term is analyzed as evidence of the strategy to impose mythological functions on the legislative text. In case of the concept of "Russian language", this strategy manifested itself already in 2005 in the federal law on the State language, which established the status of the Russian language as a tool to "strengthen inter-ethnic relations in a unified multi-ethnic State". The law on the amendment of the Russian Constitution goes beyond the very introduction of mythological components into the legal text and presents a strategy to legitimize mythology through an act of general vote.

Understanding sensitive cultural through daily conversation in urban society in Makassar

This paper aims to describe how sensitive cultural may be a pattern of words and actions that should be played according to social status. This sensitive culture is ideal for each ethnic group supporting the culture. If each does not play it according to its status, it can cause misunderstanding and even conflict. Therefore, the relationship between ethnicity, immigrants, and ethnic minorities needs to be sensitive to indigenous nationalities and dominant cultural understanding. The methodology used in obtaining the data uses a qualitative approach to data collection techniques: observation and interviews. The location of the research is Makassar City, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The results show that the city of Makassar, which is still dominated by a single ethnic group of the Bugis-Makassar to be ideal in inter-ethnic relations, uses interaction patterns of the pattern of the dominant ethnic culture or ethnic original. Thus, it should be understood by all ethnic groups who live in the city, whether its status as indigenous or tribal settlers, so that the inter-ethnic relations be harmonious. Makassar, a multi-ethnic city, is still dominated by ethnic Bugis-Makassar. At the same time, the original ethnic and cultural patterns become ideal interaction patterns in the city. As for ethnic immigrants, for example, ethnic Toraja, Mandar, Java, Ambon, Papua New Guinea, NTT, NTB, Batak, Padang, Chinese, Arabic, Padoe, and others, must understand its status as an immigrant minority, must be adaptive and be accepted in its interaction with the ethnic dominant. Therefore, as ethnic immigrants in the exchange must follow the pattern of interaction patterns in one's ideals by the dominant ethnic group, whether it be words or actions, said eg Iye, iyo, ba, iya, tabe, kita, kau, daeng, katte. Besides that, there are also rude words, namely tai laso or tai baro, nassundala’, and suntili’. It is undoubtedly susceptible when there are ethnic immigrants who do not language and act as the dominant culture because it can be considered not adaptive or do not respect an indigenous culture as a manifestation of the ideal of the dominant ethnic groups.

FRENCH RESEARCHER FREDERIC LE PLAY AS THE FOUNDER OF SOCIOLOGY OF BASHKIR RACE

The subject of the article is the analysis of the state of the Bashkir patriarchal family as a representative part of Bashkir society in the middle of the 19th century, undertaken by the French sociologist Frédéric Le Play (1806–1882). The object of the research is his monographic study on this topic. The aim of the article is to determine the methods, which Le Play applied for studying the everyday life, economy and material culture of the Bashkirs, to analyze the facts, which he revealed and the conclusions he drew. The tasks proceeding from this goal are based on studying the features of the author's research methodology, empirical material, identifying original conclusions regarding the life support system of a large Bashkir family in the 19th century as a structural element of Bashkir society. The article shows the necessity of using methods of qualitative sociological analysis, applied by the author, in the domestic science. For the first time, a critical analysis of a previously unknown in the Russian historiography is given, its advantages and disadvantages are appreciated, as well as the possibilities of its use in the sociology of race and ethnic relations and anthropology of the Bashkirs.

REFLECTION OF THE MULTICOMPONENT CULTURE OF THE KAZYM KHANTS IN FOLKLORE MATERIALS O GODDESS VUT IMI

Важнейшей составляющей традиционной культуры обских угров являются культы духов-покровителей — выдающихся богатырей-предков. В древности обожествляемая личность постепенно превращалась в средство существования общества, организации его жизни. Культ предка можно рассматривать как культурообразующий фактор и даже культурную модель традиционного общества, служившую целям выживания и приспособления людей к новым историческим условиям, выстраивания отношений с окружающим миром. В статье рассматривается образ одного из духов-покровителей хантыйского народа — Казымской богини-воительницы (известной в литературе также как Вут-ими или Касум-най), отраженный в фольклоре казымских и других групп хантов, сосьвинских манси и ненцев. «История» её жизни указывает на постоянные миграции и освоение новых территорий в древние времена, объясняет контакты предков казымских хантов с соседними этническими группами. Цель работы — раскрыть характер межэтнических и внутриэтнических связей казымских хантов на основе фольклорных текстов о Вут ими с опорой на культурно-исторический, описательный, функционально-семантический и типологический методы, с учётом уже имеющихся разработок по данной теме. В качестве историко-этнографического источника, содержащего информацию о межкультурных коммуникациях казымских хантов, автором рассмотрены как опубликованные ранее песни, сказания и предания о Вут-ими, включая сведения о её зооморфных образах, атрибутике, эпитетах, так и новый материал, записанный автором от информантов. Автором отмечается, что в образе главного духа-покровителя р. Казым просматриваются пермские черты. В языке, фольклоре, культурных традициях ярко выражены устойчивые контакты с мансийской территорией. Хантыйские предания указывают также на значительное влияние ненецкой культуры (прежде всего в сфере оленеводства). Мифология брачных отношений богини с хантыйскими богатырями отражает родство и характер внутриэтнических отношений хантов: казымской группы с другими локальными образованиями (иртышскими, пимскими и другими хантами). The most important component of the traditional culture of the Ob Ugrians are the cults of patron spirits-outstanding heroes-ancestors. In ancient times, the deified person gradually turned into a means of existence of society, the organization of its life. The cult of the ancestor can be considered as a cultural factor and even a cultural model of traditional society, which served the goals of survival and adaptation of people to new historical conditions, building relationships with the surrounding world. The article considers the image of one of the patron spirits of the Khanty people-the Kazim warrior goddess (also known in literature as Vut-imi or Kasum-nai, etc.), reflected in the folklore of the Kazim and other Khanty groups, Sosva Mansi and Nenets. The “history” of her life points to constant migrations and the development of new territories in ancient times, explains the contacts of the ancestors of the Kazim Khants with neighboring ethnic groups. The purpose of the work is to reveal the nature of interethnic and intraethnic relations of the Kazym Khants on the basis of folklore texts about the Vut by them, based on cultural-historical, descriptive, functional-semantic and typological methods, taking into account existing developments on this topic. As a historical and ethnographic source containing information about the intercultural communications of the Kazym Khants, the author considers both previously published songs, legends and legends about the Vut-im, including information about its zoomorphic images, attributes, epithets; as well as new material recorded by the author from informants. The author notes that the image of the main patron spirit of R. Kazym shows Permian features. Stable contacts with the Mansi territory are clearly expressed in the language, folklore, and cultural traditions. Khanty legends also indicate a significant influence of the Nenets culture (primarily in the field of reindeer husbandry). The mythology of the marriage relations of the goddess with the Khanty heroes reflects the kinship and nature of the intra-ethnic relations of the Khanty: the Kazim group with other local formations (Irtysh, Pim and other Khanty).

SOCIAL AND ETHNOPOLITICAL ATTITUDES OF STUDENTS IN UDMURTIA

The article presents some results of a sociological survey within the framework of the second stage of work on the topic “Ethnic factor in the socio-political life of the regions of Russia: from ethnopolitical mobilization to civic integration (the Republics of Bashkortostan, Mari El, Mordovia, Udmurtia, Chuvashia)”, conducted among the students of Izhevsk. The survey was aimed at identifying current youth problems and studying social identities, the nature of interethnic relations, the peculiarities of ethnopolitical processes in the republic, the perception of migrants, the public activity of student youth in the capital of Udmurtia. According to preliminary results, new social risks and threats related to the pandemic and attacks on educational organizations are being updated; the trend of the formation of Russian identity continues; the assessment of the sphere of inter-ethnic relations differs at the federal and regional levels, while some conflict potential remains; at the same time, there is no request for active protest actions among young people; there are sentiments on migration outflow from the region under the influence of a whole range of reasons and concerns related to the possible mass arrival of new arrivals in the region; social activity of students is multi-vector, the desire to prove themselves in the work of ethno-cultural organizations is not among the priorities. The results of the study will be used to develop practical recommendations to the authorities and public associations involved in the implementation of the state youth policy.

South Sudan

When South Sudan gained independence in 2011, the whole world rejoiced. The country marked 10 years of independence on July 9, 2021, but on that occasion, as was the case for the previous decade, its people had very little to celebrate. The country had been gripped by both state violence and deadly ethnic feuds. The intense rifts in ethnic relations emanating from this cycle have become a major risk factor for mass atrocities. This paper aims to chronicle the atrocity crimes that have happened in South Sudan in the past 12 years, what drives them, and how they can be mitigated or stopped. It will also suggest what the international community can do to assist the South Sudanese to find justice, accountability for atrocity crimes and above all, how to reduce or end violence. The paper is based on a review of reports by human rights agencies, the United Nations agencies operating in South Sudan, independent researchers, academics and think tanks. It is also based on the author’s first-hand knowledge of the context and on numerous interviews with South Sudanese. The goal, however, is not to ask: what lessons have been learned from the ongoing efforts in the country?

Promoting ethnic relations in the current Ethiopia

One of the greatest challenges of Ethiopia is to promote wider societal development because the notions of ethnicity are fall prey to atomized competitions, hostility, or conflicts. These fraudulent competitions are directed in the struggle for political power, public offices, and socioeconomic opportunities by mobilizing their constituencies to think except ‘their own members’ are in power, they are unable to secure the national benefits. Nevertheless, ethnicity does neither inherently revolutionary nor impermeable, as many multi-ethnic nations do not have major troubles with their diversities but are a potential factor for cultivation. Understanding the psychological perspective that improves ethnic group relations of the family can assist notify involvements to enhance ethnic group members of the family. This seminar examines social psychological manners of ethnic perception and relation which are fundamental to promote ethnic members of the family and discusses how those forces may be forwarded to enhance ethnic organization members of the family, regularly through the enchaining of high-quality ethnic organization contact. I similarly keep in mind how promoting ethnic relationships advantaged and deprived corporations may also reply differently at the manner to involvements, and how a focal point frequently on improving high-quality ethnic group attitudes may also fall brief of ameliorating structural inequality among societies. I pick out modern conceptual and realistic demanding situations and advocate guidelines for the future. The result of the study shows that social psychology contributes undoubtedly to society via promoting social harmony, positive, cooperative relationships among contributors of various companies reduces tension and may generalize the significance of organization memberships, improves shared identities, and tremendously apprehending organization variations. Emphasized ethnic group relations at the local area by relating to Eastern Hararghe Zone of Amahara, Oromo, Somali, and other ethnics where living, cultures particularly, in Jarso Woreda is on the individual, which in its worst forms of ethnic relations can foster selfishness or indifference to others. However, promoting a sense of relations goes beyond a single ethnic group rather focus on interdependence and relationships.

Fashion, Beauty, and Nation

This chapter examines the various ways in which fashion, beauty, and nation intersect. It covers topics such as ethnic relations, class hierarchy and transgression, punk culture, and cosmetic surgery and masculinity. Chapter contents: 1.0 Introduction (by Séagh Kehoe) 1.1 Beautifying Uyghur Bodies: Fashion, ‘Modernity’, and State Power in the Tarim Basin (by Timothy Grose) 1.2 Karaoke Bar Hostesses and Japan-Korea Wave in Postsocialist China: The Politics of Fashion, Class Hierarchy, and Transgression (by Tiantian Zheng) 1.3 Punk Culture and Its Fashion in China (by Jian Xiao) 1.4 Cosmetic Surgery, Flower Boys, and Soft Masculinity in China (by Wen Hua)

Constructing Ethnic Diversity as a Security Threat: What it Means to Russia’s Minorities

This article analyses the Russian government’s securitisation of inter-ethnic relations, and national minorities’ responses to such processes. While Russia’s securitising dynamics have been linked to threats associated with ethnic groups (perceived as) culturally distant from the Russian majority (such as non-Slavic and Muslim minorities), this article argues that securitisation can affect all of Russia’s national minorities (including Slavic and well-integrated communities). Through the analysis of the securitisation of three, partly converging, spheres of domestic politics (civil society, migration, and minority issues) the article highlights forms of (in)security impacting upon national minorities with reference to their experience of securitisation and format of their civic engagement. The article contributes to research exploring the relationship between security and minority studies, through a bottom-up perspective focusing on national minorities’ experience of securitisation. It employs empirical data based on semi-structured interviews with minority representatives held in 2015–2016 in six locations in the Russian Federation.