Resources of Rheum tataricum on the territory of Atyrau region

Rheum tataricum is a valuable medicinal plant, the underground organs of which are used in folk medicine. This article is devoted to the study of the resources of Rheum tataricum in the previously unsearched Atyrau region. The article presents the results of field surveys of steppe and desert territories of the Atyrau region with the identification of typical communities with the participation of Rheum tataricum and the determination of industrially valuable thickets. According to the results of field work, 12 populations with the participation of the Tatar rhubarb were identified. 3 industrial sites with a total area of 4,006 hectares were identified. The yield of raw root materials ranged from 7,320 to 11,240 kg/hectare. The total operational reserve amounted to 36,592 tons, and the volume of possible collection of raw materials — 5,489 tons. The obtained data indicates the possibility of industrial procurement of raw materials for the production of medicinal products.

Mandorle, una materia prima strategica: dinamiche di mercato e fabbisogno dell'industria dolciaria

In the last decade even almonds went through relevant price increases. This essay focuses on recent international market dynamics through the analysis of primary production and international trade data. The main features of industrial procurement are taken into consideration as well as the critical aspects of the upstream supply chain. The market, increasingly global but still highly concentrated, encourages all economic operators to improve their performances and, following the Californian example, to establish a dialogue and new ways of trade collaboration.

PSI Armour Wire for High Collapse Performance of Flexible Pipe

Ultra Deep Water (UDW) developments are now a reality with several fields below 2 000 m water depth now ready for production. Within the domain of flexible pipe technology for UDW, Technip identified a number of technical challenges such as flow assurance, riser tension capacity and hydrostatic collapse resistance. These challenges have been addressed through the qualification of various flexible pipe products/components and riser configurations. This paper will focus on one of the solutions developed which addresses the hydrostatic collapse resistance of the pipe, namely the dynamic PSI wire. The dynamic PSI wire was developed primarily as structurally optimized pressure armour. Based on the efficient structural cross section of the I-beam, the dynamic PSI wire provides a weight/strength optimized configuration for internal pressure capacity of the pipe. It also provides increased crushing strength for installation of the pipe in Ultra Deep Water and significantly increases the hydrostatic collapse resistance of the pipe. The objective of the development of the dynamic PSI wire was to propose a 12″ riser for 2 500 m water depth and smaller diameter down to 3 000 m. This objective has been reached, without impacting the dynamic and sour service capacity of the riser. The dynamic PSI wire has succeeded all the qualification process (industrial procurement & manufacturing, full scale dynamic test, full scale collapse tests, full scale offshore installation test down to 3 000m water depth, NACE test, etc) and is now deemed fully qualified for project application. This paper will present the qualification program and also some field case studies showing the potential applications of flexible risers integrating this new design. The availability of dynamic PSI wires provides operators with the opportunity to develop flexible riser production systems in UDW fields with larger diameters and therefore enhance the subsea production and export systems.