Bioecological features and economic significance of rare, endangered and endemic plant species of the State Agricultural Enterprise “Buiratau”

The presented article is devoted to the assessment of the bioecological features and economic significance of rare, endangered and endemic plants, unique groups of vascular plants of the state National Naturo Park «Buiratau», Republic of Kazakhstan, opened relatively recently. The authors, systematized obtained from the sources of scientific literature, the information, as well as using the definitions of various basic scientific methods, have compiled this scientific work. Based on the results of these studies, an actual bioecological review and economic characteristics of 24 species of rare and endangered plants of the National Park «Buiratau», 10 species of plants listed in the Red Book and 7 species of endemics were compiled. According to the results of the research of the object and the research of recent years, 610 species of vascular plants belonging to 288 genera from 75 families were identified on the territory. Among the named endemics there are 7 species belonging to 5 families and 6 genera. This is 1/4 of the total endemic plant available in Central Kazakhstan. And 10 of the 387 species listed in the Red Book are found in this territory. Also, the number of rare plants in this area today has reached 24 species. Among them are species rare not only for Karaganda region, but for the whole Kazakhstan.

Effects of Rumex tianschanicus Losinsk extract on hematological indicators in experimental gastritis

Gastritis is the most common gastrointestinal disease, with peptic ulcer disease accounting for 30 % of all cases, affecting about 10 % of the global population. According to 2020 statistics, 50,8 % of the population in developing countries suffers from gastritis and this number increasing annually. This study examined the medical effects of Rumex tianschanicus root extract on aspirin induced gastritis in rats. Forty five rats, 250±50 g were grouped into two: control group rats received placebo and experimental groups received acetylsalicylic acid 160 mg/kg, orally once daily for 5 consecutive days to induce acute experimental gastritis. Following gastritis registration, rats were grouped into three groups and treated with Rumex tianschanicus L.extract. The first group was given 100 mg/kg orally once a day for ten days. The second group received 50 mg/kg orally once a day for ten days. The third group did not receive the medication. At the end of the study, all the animals were Killed to determine cytological, histological changes and hematological indices. The result showed statistically significant differences (p ≤ 0,001) of total number of leukocytes, total number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin level and content of platelets but they were all within the physiological norm. As a result of the study the Rumex tianschanicus extract pharmacological properties were evaluated and its potential effect on the hematological parameters of rats during the treatment of experimental gastritis accessed. It was discovered that the Rumex tianschanicus extract has no pathological effect on peripheral blood and hemopoiesis during the period of its use. In this regard, the extract of Rumex tianschanicus is recommended for further in-depth research in experimental conditions, followed by a transition to clinical trials.

Ecological-morphological features of the East Kazakhstan endemic Hedysarum theinum Krasnob. (Fabaceae)

Biodiversity plays a crucial role in the directions determination of environment conservation. It requires an execution of many application strategies of natural resources for plants’ condition evaluation and solution of their problems. Study of morphological features of medicinal plant Hedysarum theinum Krasnob. distributed in East Kazakhstan is the aim of the research in conservation of biodiversity. The population has been investigated by route-observation research method, 1794 m above sea level at GPS coordinates 50о19‘5.969N, 83о52’44.270Е in Ivanov gorge of Altai Mountains (Kazakhstan). H. theinum Krasnob. is an endemic, perennial, main rooted species with 4–8 pairs of leaf, pink-purple corolla, egg shaped seeds in Altai, Central Asian mountains and Mongolia that represents Fabaceae family. There is a need in deep study of H. theinum Krasnob. because valuable medicinal plants found in Eastern Kazakhstan are not investigated sufficiently and growth area is reduced.

Copy number variation in female infertility and candidate gene screening for common infertility-related diseases

To investigate the correlation between the genome copy number variation and female infertility we collected 3962 female infertility samples and analyzed copy number variation (CNV) using high-throughput sequencing technologies. In this study 269 CNVs were found in 246 samples, 17 of which were new CNVs. The occurrence of CNVs was mostly found in X chromosome, and some candidate genes related to female infertility were screened. We also found some high frequency CNVs, which contain important functional genes. This study filled the blank of CNV research on female infertility and discovered the characteristics of CNV (CNV preference, recurrent CNV), which provided genetic reference for female infertility.

Biological features of Rheum wittrockii Lundstr. in the natural population of the Ketpen ridge

The article presents data on the biological characteristics of Rheum wittrockii Lundstr. on the Ketpen ridge. The aim of the study was to research the biological characteristics of the natural growth of Rh. wittrockii. Study objects are Rh. wittrockii in natural populations of the Ketpen Ridge. In June-July 2015–2017 the route-reconnaissance method of research was carried out in the northern gorges of the Ketpen ridge of the Uygur district of the Almaty region. Determination of the morphological characteristics of plant seeds was carried out according to the methodological instructions of N.L. Udolskaya (1976). Systematic monitoring of structural changes in plant organs in a large development cycle, determination of biological characteristics and structure was carried out in accordance with the instructions of A. Zhukov (2012b), Program and methodology..., (1986). The study revealed that in the gorges Ketpen Rh. wittrockii is found at altitudes above sea level (1900–3200 m). In the first year of growth, only vegetative organs develop. The development of generative shoots begins in the 2–3rd year of plant growth. The rapid growth of reproductive generative shoots is accompanied by the growth of vegetative shoots. The flowering phase lasts 7–10 days. Flowering of one individual lasts 3–5 days. The generative phase lasts 7–8 (10) years. The fruiting process lasts from midJuly to the third decade of August. The fruiting phase is 12–14 days. The growing season of the plant is 60–75 days. The seed is a triangular nutlet. Germination is underground. Sprouts have two true leaves. The underground perennial shoot system consists of a multidisciplinary caudex formed as a result of infinitely long monopodial growth due to the activity of the apical bud of the main underground shoots. Roots Rh. wittrockii are composed of basic taproots. In the underground part, tender young roots develop in the surface layer of the soil. The duration of the generative period from germination to aging is 15–16 years.

On the study of the coenoflora of poplar relict woodlands of the middle course of the Syrdarya river

The article provides a list of the coenoflora species of poplar relict woodlands of the Syrdarya River valley within the Kyzylorda region. The list is compiled on the basis of data obtained as a result of the implementation of grant and contract projects related to the study of flora and vegetation of the middle course of the Syrdarya river. A map of the description points is provided. The taxonomic composition is revealed and a comparative analysis of the spectrum of the leading families with the data of floristic and geobotanical studies of other authors conducted in this region is carried out. In particular, 103 species from 31 families were identified in the cenoflora, with the 5 largest families accounting for 61.2 % of the total number of species. The hierarchical order of addition is as follows: Chenopodiaceae, Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Poaceae, Fabaceae. Comparative analysis shows that the set of leading families in the compared lists is the same. However, the sequence of the three families changes somewhat: Brassicaceae, Fabaceae, and Poaceae. If the floristic composition of the floodplain of the valley of the Syrdarya river Poaceae takes 3 spot, followed by Fabaceae and Brassicaceae, to sanoflore woodland, the sequence is as follows: Brassicaceae is in third place, followed by. Poaceae and Fabaceae, respectively. The significant role of representatives of Poaceae in the floodplain flora is quite natural, given the significant participation in the composition of vegetation of meadow communities. And the high position of Brassicaceae in the cenoflora, as a rule, of antrogogenously disturbed woodlands, is formed due to the annual anthropophilic species of this family.

Assessment of water-holding capacity of leaves of Armeniaca vulgaris Lam. in the conditions of the Zhezkazgan region (the Central Kazakstan)

The expansion of the existing range of tree crops for the greening of settlements is of practical and environmental importance. In the Zhezkazgan industrial region it is necessary to select plants that are resistant to heat, drought, low temperatures and atmospheric pollution, which limits the species composition. In present article studies are conducted to assess the water content in the leaves of Armeniaca vulgaris Lam. during the vegetation season under growing using traditional furrow watering and drip irrigation. The assessment of leaf water content showed maximum parameters in May, a decrease in June and July, and repeated increase in August of 2020–2021. Minimum indicators of water-holding capacity are noted in May, maximum — in June. Leaves of plants grown on drip irrigation had parameters of water-holding capacity 1.3–3.9 % higher than under the traditional irrigation method, which indicates a better moisture supply. In general, the water content of apricot leaves was above 50 %, which shows sufficient water supply. The results showed the resistance of Armeniaca vulgaris plants to heat and drought, so, this species is recommended for use in green construction of the Zhezkazgan industrial region.

Maldi mass spectrometry for identification lactic acid bacilli isolated from lactic acid products produced in the Karagandy region

At present the traditional methods of identifying microorganisms are replaced by express methods, the mass spectrometric method using MALDI-TOF MS allows to reliably identify a variety of microorganisms in a short time, which is an indisputable advantage in work and allows to quickly identify many microorganisms in quickly. Classical methods for the identification of lactic acid bacteria based on their cultivation require a long time for their implementation. The advent of matrix laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) technology made significant changes in the workflows for the study of lactic acid bacteria, unmatched in speed characteristics. This article presents the study of the morphological, cultural properties, acid-forming ability, antibiotic sensitivity lactic acid bacteria of isolated from products (ayran, koumiss, ashykan kozhe, kurt, suzbe, cottage cheese) produced in different districts of the Karaganda region. The species identification of the isolated strains of lactic acid bacteria was carried out using a MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer. The studies carried out on cultural and morphological characters indicate that they belong to the genus Lactobacillus, Lacticaseibacillus, Lactiplantibacillus, Limosilactobacillus. As a result of identification on the mass spectrometer of the presented samples L. acidophilus (2 strains), L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricum (2 strains), L. rhamnosus (7 strains), L. plantarum (2 strains), L. paracasei (11 strains), L. fermentum (2 strains) were revealed. According to the Score values, the results indicate the accuracy of the identification.

Diversity of the genus Rosa L. in the conditions of the Dzhungarian Alatau mountains

The article presents and describes the plants of the genus Rosa L. growing on the territory of the Dzungarian Alatau. As a result of the study of literature sources it was found that out of 57 species of the Rosaceae family growing in the territory of the CIS countries there are 10 species of the genus Rosa L. (R. beggeriana Schrenk, R. canina L., R. platyacantha Schrenk, R. laxa Retz., R. spinosissima L., R. alberti Regel, R.schrenkiana Crep., R. acicularis Lindl., R. majalis Herrm, R. nanothamnus Bouleng.). The state of the vegetation cover of the Dzungarian Alatau for 2015, 2017 and 2020 was also studied using the program. The gradual degradation of the plant community of this mountain system is determined.

Resources of Rheum tataricum on the territory of Atyrau region

Rheum tataricum is a valuable medicinal plant, the underground organs of which are used in folk medicine. This article is devoted to the study of the resources of Rheum tataricum in the previously unsearched Atyrau region. The article presents the results of field surveys of steppe and desert territories of the Atyrau region with the identification of typical communities with the participation of Rheum tataricum and the determination of industrially valuable thickets. According to the results of field work, 12 populations with the participation of the Tatar rhubarb were identified. 3 industrial sites with a total area of 4,006 hectares were identified. The yield of raw root materials ranged from 7,320 to 11,240 kg/hectare. The total operational reserve amounted to 36,592 tons, and the volume of possible collection of raw materials — 5,489 tons. The obtained data indicates the possibility of industrial procurement of raw materials for the production of medicinal products.