e-Quantum leap on a data highway: Planning for electric minibus taxis in sub-Saharan Africa's paratransit system

Minibus taxis are ubiquitous in the developing cities of the Global South. This versatile, and somewhat chaotic public transport system is now faced with the need to move to renewable energy. But the looming roll-out of electric vehicles poses a threat to the already fragile electrical grids of African cities. This chapter evaluates the energy requirements of decarbonisation and evaluates two types of data, passenger-based and vehicle-based, from research in South Africa that has modelled these taxis. Using these two data capture methods, we assess the energy requirements and charging opportunities for electric minibus paratransit in three African cities and compare the results of the two methods to assess their suitability for planning minibus taxi electrification.

Understanding the Influence of Climate Elements on Traffic Behavior: The Wind Impact Approach

Due to intense highway congestion in Europe, increased percentage of highway accidents, as well as mortality rate, safety is an imperative in highway planning and design. Highway design safety standards have been researched extensively, but not enough attention has been paid to the surrounding environmental impacts, foremost climate elements. Therefore, this research attempts to understand the least researched climate element — the wind, and its impact on highway safety. The highway landscape falls under the category of the wind impacts that can cause significant problems for the drivers throughout the year. The values for wind direction, frequency and intensity were taken from the CARPATCLIM database. The evaluation of homogenized and harmonized set of data on a daily basis for a twenty-year period documented a variety of wind impacts on highway safety. It was found that the wind is constantly present throughout the year, with specific monthly oscillations. By using the ArcGis and the interpolation method, it has been clearly observed at which points the effect of intense winds was present the most. In order to understand the overall image of highway safety, fieldwork was conducted in various meteorological conditions. The checklists photo-documented and qualitatively described the observed extreme wind events (alone or combined with one more climate element). Based on everything described above, the image of the current situation was provided, and the proposal for control of the impact of wind using an adequate vegetation assembly (windbreaks) has been offered.

Technology transfer of urban highways and interchange design in the 1960s: The case of the Ayalon Crosstown Expressway, Israel

This paper reconstructs the design history of the Ayalon Crosstown Expressway in Tel Aviv, a project that initiated the technology transfer of American and European transport planning methods to Israel. It examines the unstable, evolving dynamics between agents pushing the technology such as the World Bank and international traffic planning firms, and local institutions pulling or opposing it such as the city, the highway company, and various competing governmental departments. The five successive plans developed for that highway by Canadian, American, French, and British planners offer themselves to comparative analysis of national design philosophies of urban highway systems. Through a close reading of the different geometric plans of one bifurcating interchange, the paper analyses how the technology was adapted to fit the Israeli political, administrative, and economic environment, and identifies a shift in highway planning rationality and techniques for governing mobility at the American source of innovation.

Connecting Public School Segregation with Urban Renewal and Interstate Highway Planning: The Case of Birmingham, Alabama

This article analyzes the connection between public school segregation and Urban Renewal and interstate highway construction in Birmingham, Alabama. It analyzes the routes of the interstate highways, the locations of Urban Renewal areas, and their impact on segregated schools and school zones. This article argues that interstate highways and Urban Renewal were used to preserve segregated schools. It also argues that activists for White schools were able to affect interstate highway design while activists for African American schools were not. Also, Urban Renewal funds were used to build new segregated schools and neighborhoods in order to reinforce patterns of segregation.

RISIKO KECELAKAAN SEPEDA MOTOR PADA SIMPANG PRIORITAS

Traffic safety is an important requirement in highway planning and design. Many studies related to accident risk analysis have been carried out, but practical applications are still not widely found, especially for accident risk analysis at priority junctions. This study aims to determine the speed and acceleration of motorcyclist behavior entering a junction. It was conducted by measuring the speed of a motorcycle when entering the junction at 150 m, 100 m, and 50 meters before the point of the potential conflict. If the critical gap is longer than the stopping distance (a combination of the reaction time and braking time), the motorcycle will be safe. The results showed that motorcyclist decelerates the speed when entering the junction. The change in speed starts at 50 to 100 meters before the conflict. Motorcyclists will be safe if the speed is less than 65.8 km/h at 50 meters before entering the junction. Keywords: traffic safety, accident risk analysis, priority junction, speed Abstrak Keselamatan adalah faktor utama dalam perencanaan dan perancangan fasilitas jalan. Berbagai penelitian yang berhubungan dengan analisis risiko kecelakaan telah banyak dilakukan, namun aplikasi praktisnya masih belum banyak dijumpai terutama untuk analisis risiko kecelakaan pada simpang prioritas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perilaku kecepatan dan percepatan sepeda motor saat memasuki simpang, sehingga dapat dilakukan analisis terhadap potensi risiko sepeda motor saat memasuki simpang prioritas. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengukur kecepatan sepeda motor saat memasuki simpang pada jarak 150 m, 100 m, dan 50 m sebelum titik konflik. Apabila celah kritis lebih panjang dari jarak henti (gabungan dari pengaruh waktu reaksi dan waktu pengereman), maka sepeda motor tersebut dapat dikategorikan selamat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa saat memasuki simpang sebagian besar sepeda motor melakukan perlambatan. Perubahan kecepatan mulai terjadi pada jarak antara 50 sampai 100 meter sebelum titik konflik. Sepeda motor akan aman apabila pada kecepatan sebelum simpang tidak melebihi 65,8 km/jam. Kata-kata kunci: keselamatan lalu lintas, analisis risiko kecelakaan, simpang prioritas, kecepatan