Nephrology nurses’ views in giving a dietary recommendation for dialysis patients: An interview study

Background: Nutrition in dialysis patients plays an essential role in their life. Diet in dialysis patients are catered individually and applied according to the situation of the patients. A dietary recommendation is vital to dialysis patients, and nephrology nurses help patients understand the reasoning behind the dietary restrictions enforced. Objective: This paper aimed to explore nephrology nurses’ views in giving dietary recommendations for dialysis patients. Methods: In this descriptive qualitative study, one focus group discussion (n = eight nurses) and four individual interviews in one Renal Centre in Brunei Darussalam was conducted through purposive sampling. This interview took place between October 2020 and December 2020. Results: Three major themes were identified: (1) Approaches in giving dietary information, (2) Getting patients to follow a diet plan, and (3) Negotiating with patients. Conclusion: The importance of nephrology nurses in improving patient care, particularly in providing dietary recommendations to dialysis patients, cannot be overstated. They adopted different approaches, including negotiating with patients and using available resources to ensure that patients followed the dietary recommendations. However, they believe their current method and strategy for offering dietary recommendations to dialysis patients could be improved.

Does Psychological Distress Interact With Patients’ Illness and Treatment Perceptions to Predict Adherence to Dietary Recommendation Among Persons With T2DM in Ghana? A Facility Based Cross Sectional Survey

Background: Psychological distress is a pervasive condition that interacts with other factors to influence adherence to treatment regimens, yet information-gap exists on how psychological-distress interact with Type-2-Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients’ perceptions about their disease state and treatment benefits for adherence to dietary-recommendation. This study therefore investigates how T2DM patients’ psychological-distress interacts with perception about disease state and treatment benefits for adherence to dietary-recommendation. Methods: Facility-based cross-sectional-study was conducted among 530 T2DM patients at six health-facilities in Ghana. Structured-questionnaires were used to collect socio-demographics data, and Health Belief Model (HBM) questionnaires used to assess perceived-beliefs. Perceived-Dietary-Adherence-Questionnaire (PDAQ) for T2DM patients was used to assess adherence to dietary-recommendation. SPSS version-22 was used in data analysis.Results: Weight, diabetes-duration, total-cholesterol, HbA1c and fasting-blood-sugar were statistically significant for adherence to dietary-recommendation (P-value <0.05). Perceived-Susceptibility, Perceived-Benefit and Perceived-Cue to action were statistically significant for adherence to dietary-recommendations (P-value <0.05). After adjusting for confounders, interaction between low-psychological-distress and moderately-perceive-susceptibility[Adjusted Odd ratio(Adj.OR: 0.21, 95% confidence interval CI:1.18, 9.83); interaction between high-psychological-distress and moderately-perceived-susceptibility (Adj.OR: 4.49, 95% CI: 1.41, 14.28); interaction between low-psychological distress and highly-perceived-benefit (Adj.OR: 3.20, 95% CI: 1.30, 6.62); interaction between low-psychological-distress and moderately-perceived-barriers (Adj. OR: 4.79, 95% CI: 1.82, 12.60) and interaction between moderate-psychological-distress and highly-perceived-cue to action (Adj. OR 1.93, 95% CI: 1.36, 4.50) were statistically significant for adherence to dietary-recommendations. Conclusion: Psychological-distress can interact with patients’ perceptions for adherence to dietary recommendation. Therefore, health care workers globally should be mindful of this and offer professional care.

Association of household socioeconomic status, neighborhood support system and adherence to dietary recommendation among persons with T2DM, a facility-based cross-sectional study in Ghana

Background Dietary recommendation help persons with diabetes adopt to healthy eating habits to achieve optimal glycemic control. Socioeconomic-status and neighborhood support system can influence adherence to dietary recommendation. The purpose of our study is to assess the association of household-socioeconomic status and neighborhood-support system with adherence to dietary recommendation among persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods Facility-based cross-sectional-survey was conducted in Brong Ahafo region, Ghana. Six hospitals were randomly selected and 530 individuals with T2DM consecutively recruited from the selected hospitals for the study. Structured-questionnaires were used to collect socio-demographic variables. Adherence to dietary-recommendation was the outcome-variable, and was assessed using perceived dietary-adherence questionnaire. Results Age (years) (P-value = 0.005), Physical-Activity level (P-value = 0.024) Receive-moderate Social-Support (P-value = 0.004) and High-Socioeconomic status (P-value = 0.046) were significantly correlated with adherence to dietary-recommendation. Age (years) regression coefficient (β) -0.089, 95%CI (− 0.12, − 0.001), Being married β0.103, 95%CI (0.002, 0.02), moderate and low-social support system β 0.309, 95%CI (0.17, 0.38) and β-0.192, 95%CI (− 0.26, − 0.06) respectively, and high-socioeconomic status β 0.197, 95%CI (0.06, 0.25) were significantly associated with adherence to dietary-recommendation. Conclusion Social-support system and socioeconomic-status could be associated with adherence to dietary-recommendation. Therefore, health workers should consider patients’ social support system and socioeconomic status as modifiable factors for optimum adherence.

Association of Household Socioeconomic Status, Neighborhood Support System and Adherence to Dietary Recommendation among Persons with T2DM, a Facility-based Cross-sectional Study in Ghana

Background: Dietary recommendation help persons with diabetes adopt healthy eating habits to achieve optimal glycemic control. Socioeconomic-status and neighborhood support system could influence adherence to dietary recommendation. The purpose of our study is to assess the association of household-socioeconomic status and neighborhood-support system with adherence to dietary recommendation among persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: Facility-based cross-sectional-survey was conducted among 530 individuals with T2DM in Brong Ahafo region, Ghana. Six hospitals were randomly selected and persons with T2DM consecutively recruited from the selected hospitals into the study. Structured-questionnaires were used to collect socio-demographic variables. Adherence to dietary recommendation was the outcome -variable, and was assessed using perceived dietary adherence questionnaire. Results: Age (years) (P-value=0.01), place of residence (P-value =0.01), educational level (P-value =0.01) and occupation (P-value =0.01) were significantly correlated with socioeconomic status (P-value 0.01). Age (years) regression coefficient (β) -0.089, 95%CI (-0.12, -0.001), Being married β0.103, 95%CI (0.002, 0.02), moderate and low-social support system β 0.309, 95%CI(0.17, 0.38) and β-0.192, 95%CI(-0.26, -0.06) respectively, and high-socioeconomic status β 0.197, 95%CI(0.06, 0.25) were significantly associated with adherence to dietary recommendation.Conclusion: We found that social-support system and socioeconomic-status could be associated with adherence to dietary recommendation. Therefore, health workers should consider that patients’ social support system and socioeconomic status could be modifiable factors for optimum adherence.

Knowledge, opinions and expectations of adults concerning personalised genotype-based dietary recommendations: a German survey

Objective: To assess the knowledge, opinions and expectations of persons with and without obesity concerning personalised genotype-based nutrition. Design: Questions about nutrition, weight management and personalised genotype-based dietary recommendations were asked via standardised telephone-based interviews. Sociodemographic and anthropometric data were collected. The data were statistically weighted by age, gender, education, domicile and BMI. Setting: Germany. Participants: Representative sample of the German population (n 1003) randomly sampled via a scientific Random Digit dial method plus 354 adults with a BMI ≥ 30·0 kg/m2 to enlarge the sample. Results: Data of 1357 participants were analysed (51·1 % female, age: 50·5 ± 18·5 years, 15·9 % adults with a BMI ≥ 30·0 kg/m2). About 42 % or 19 % of the survey participants stated to know the terms personalised dietary recommendation or genotype-based dietary recommendation, respectively. Of those, 15·8 % indicated to have an experience with a personalised or genotype-based dietary recommendation. Almost 70 % of the survey participants believed that a genotype-based dietary recommendation is a reasonable measure for weight management. About 55 % of the survey participants pointed out that a genotype-based dietary recommendation is an effective concept in general. One-third of the survey participants (34·6 %) indicated to conceive the usage of a genotype-based dietary recommendation. Conclusion: Most of the survey participants did not know the term personalised or genotype-based dietary recommendation. One-third of the study participants are interested to use a genotype-based dietary recommendation. Therefore, more education of the public is necessary to properly help people making informed and serious decisions and assessing commercially available direct-to-consumer genetic tests.