Investigations of Detergents and Metal Components for Supporting the Effective Treatment of Greywater

The aim of our research was to investigate the detergent content and several micro and macro elements in greywater samples, a necessary step in determining the water quality for the further reuse of the greywater. We determined the anionic detergent content of synthetic greywater with a two-phased titration method prepared in laboratory conditions. The current study leads to a new suggestion for a more accurate and reliable titrimetric method for determination of anionic detergent content of synthetic greywater samples. Following these investigations, we also examined the metal content of synthetic bath water. We wanted to highlight how detergents in greywater influence the micro and macro element content of the given synthetic bath water samples.

Titrimetric method determination of the content of the mass part of siliciumin feed additives

The results of the development of the method for determining the mass fraction of silicium in powder samples of feed additives by the titrimetric method are presented in the article. The implementation and validation of the method was carried out with the use of feed additive of mixed type "Mikasil" produced by LLC «Globus», Ukraine. The procedure was reproduced ten times with the determination of the mass fraction of siliciumin two parallel samples. The method is based on the precipitation of silicic acid in the form of silicium-fluoride of potassium, followed by hydrolysis with hot water in the presence of chlorous calcium. The isolated hydro-chloric acid in an amount equivalent to the content of hydro-fluoric acid is titrating with alkali solution in the presence of an indicator. The results of the studies showed that the specified method for determining the mass fraction of silicium meets the standards of accuracy control for this method, namely the standard quadratic deviation (σ) is 0.52, when norm up to 0.7, when determined in two parallel samples. The results obtained indicate that the titrimetric method for determining the mass fraction of silicium in powder samples of feed additives is accurate, reliable, reproducible and economically available.

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF ANALYTICAL METHOD FOR QUANTIFICATION OF ACETIC ACID CONTENT IN AMLODIPINE BESYLATE

Objective: To develop and validate a simple and accurate cost-effective titrimetric method according to International Conference Harmonization (ICH) guidelines for acetic acid content in Amlodipine Besylate. Methods: The titration based on general acid-base reaction to form water and salt. Sodium hydroxide act as a strong base and titrated against weak acid (acetic acid). Phenolphthalein used as an indicator and colorless to pink is the endpoint. Sodium hydroxide is standardized with primary standard potassium hydrogen phthalate. Results: The method was linear in the range of 0.75 to 30.25 μg/ml with a correlation coefficient 0.9999. Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) value were found to be 0.61 and 1.85 μg/ml, respectively. The percentage recovery (98.20–99.97%) and percentage relative standard deviation (%RSD) is less than 2% within the acceptable limit of ICH guidelines. The robustness and ruggedness results were excellent. Method is accurate and precise, no interference from excipients. Conclusion: A new analytical titrimetric method was developed and validated as per ICH guidelines for the determination of acetic acid content in amlodipine. This proposed method applied for routine analysis of acetic acid content in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations of amlodipine besylate.

Structure formation of gypsum binder with zinc hydrosilicates

Due to high danger of mold fungi spores for humans, it is necessary to develop new fungicidal building materials, especially – materials that help to maintain biosafety in interior rooms. One of such materials is the fungicidal gypsum binder. The aim of the present work was to study the process of structure formation of gypsum in case of the presence of a previously developed fungicidal modifier which is based on hydrosilicate systems with zinc in different quantities. The studies were carried out in accordance with current regulations. The rheological and mechanical properties, including normal density, setting time and compressive strength were determined. The titrimetric method of analysis was used for determination of the content of calcium ions in the solution. It was revealed that the zinc content in the modifier does not affect the mobility of the mixture; however, it changes the rate of formation of the gypsum stone and also affects its strength. In particular, when the ratio ν(Zn)/ν(Si) is equal to 0.9, there was an increase of setting time. The mechanism of the formation of gypsum stone also changes: influence of both constructive and destructive factors simultaneously decreases. The latter was confirmed by the peculiarities of the binding of calcium ions in the presence of a fungicidal modifier.