Correlation of laparoscopic finding with ultrasonography and hysterosalpingography findings in females with infertility

Infertility is best defined as the inability to conceive after one year of unprotected regular intercourse or many couples, infertility and its treatment cause a serious strain on their interpersonal relationship, and cause disturbed relationships with other people.Diagnostic laparoscopy is generally not a part of initialinfertility evaluation, however, number of reports haveshown that it is effective procedure for evaluation of long- term infertility. A total of 207 patients were studied from at GMCH, Gondia, Maharashtra. Total 207 patients had primary/secondary infertility and 5 patients had primary amenorrhea were selected for study. Uterus, ovaries, tubes and cul de sac were inspected and findings noted. Next chromopertubation test was done with 10-15 ml of 1% aqueous methylene blue via the leech-Wilkinson cannula was inserted and findings noted and statistical Analysis was done.India showed the mean age of infertility was 28.4years. 81.16% subjects had primary whereas 16.43% had secondary infertility.In the present study maximum 165 (79.7%) had normal size uterus. Out of which 8 (3.86%) had bicornuate uterus.6.28% subjects had large size uterus. Out of which 5.80% had fibroid and 0.48% had adenomyosis.Diagnostic Laparoscopy and hysteroscopy is a better modality for diagnosing uterine, tubal and ovarian causes of infertility compared to hysterosalpingography and ultrasonography. Most of the patients had normal ultrasonographic, hysterosalpingographic and laparoscopic findings. Out of the rest, Structural adhesions were the most common cause of infertility among women in reproductive group.

Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Rehabilitation Counseling

PurposeComplex posttraumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) is a multifaceted disorder, and the specific diagnostic criteria developed by the World Health Organization (WHO), which highlight symptoms of CPTSD (i.e., affect dysregulation, negative self-concept, disturbed relationships), that occur along with PTSD symptoms speak to this. Understanding the disorder itself and its ramifications is essential as our society is exposed to seemingly more and more traumatic and long-lasting events, all of which may lead to an increase in the number of overall cases. CPTSD is characterized by changes in three primary areas of the brain – hippocampus, amygdala, and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC)– which are usually smaller in individuals with CPTSD, and there are certain subsets of individuals who have an increased likelihood of developing this disorder (e.g., individuals with physical and psychiatric disabilities, children exposed to long-term trauma).MethodThe authors conducted a scoping literature review on CPTSD, treatment approaches for individuals with CPTSD, and rehabilitation implications.ResultsTreatment for CPTSD is generally more extensive than treatment for PTSD and should be made available for those in need. There is a dearth of research on this topic in the rehabilitation literature; however, disability research has consistently shown that employment plays a huge role in successful recovery among individuals with psychiatric disabilities, which includes CPTSD.ConclusionIn order to ensure client success, rehabilitation counselors, educators, and researchers must understand the complexities associated with CPTSD and then how to best go about incorporating this information into individual plans for employment and our classrooms as well as making research in this area a priority for the field.

Psychological interventions for ICD-11 complex PTSD symptoms: systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundThe 11th revision to the WHO International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) identified complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) as a new condition. There is a pressing need to identify effective CPTSD interventions.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of psychological interventions for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), where participants were likely to have clinically significant baseline levels of one or more CPTSD symptom clusters (affect dysregulation, negative self-concept and/or disturbed relationships). We searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE and PILOTS databases (January 2018), and examined study and outcome quality.ResultsFifty-one RCTs met inclusion criteria. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), exposure alone (EA) and eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) were superior to usual care for PTSD symptoms, with effects ranging from g = −0.90 (CBT; k = 27, 95% CI −1.11 to −0.68; moderate quality) to g = −1.26 (EMDR; k = 4, 95% CI −2.01 to −0.51; low quality). CBT and EA each had moderate–large or large effects on negative self-concept, but only one trial of EMDR provided useable data. CBT, EA and EMDR each had moderate or moderate–large effects on disturbed relationships. Few RCTs reported affect dysregulation data. The benefits of all interventions were smaller when compared with non-specific interventions (e.g. befriending). Multivariate meta-regression suggested childhood-onset trauma was associated with a poorer outcome.ConclusionsThe development of effective interventions for CPTSD can build upon the success of PTSD interventions. Further research should assess the benefits of flexibility in intervention selection, sequencing and delivery, based on clinical need and patient preferences.

Causes of bullying in the workplace among primary school teachers of your paper

Workplace bullying is a subtle manifestation of disturbed relationships in the workplace and it is considered an extreme type of social stressor at work. The present study is based on research regarding bullying in the workplace, specifically involving teachers in elementary schools in the Czech Republic. The sample consisted of 13 elementary school teachers who had been exposed to regular bullying by their colleagues or senior executives for at least six months. Based on in-depth interviews and subsequent coding and categorization of statements, the main aim of the research is to analyse the factors causing bullying in the workplace. The teachers who experienced bullying in the role of victims state that the main reasons for this kind of aggressive behaviour lie in the personality of the bully, personality of the victim, mutual antipathy of the perpetrator and the victim, and in the job selection process. Keywords: School; school climate; aggression; bullying in the workplace; causes of bullying.

Emotional and Social Functioning of Families With a Person Addicted to Alcohol

Functioning of the family of a person addicted to alcohol brings many unwanted situations at home. Such family environment is endangered in many spheres of emotional and social life. Emotional tides grow weak, the dialogue between members of the family and the person addicted distinguishes. Many families, and especially children in them suffer mentally because of the lack of meeting emotional and social needs and disturbed relationships in the family. The structure and social roles of the members of the family with alcohol problem are also endangered.

Dissociative Disorders - Clinical Manifestation and Management

Dissociative disorders are heterogeneous group of mental disorders with dissociation as dominant symptoms. Dissociation is often defined as partial or total disconnection between memories of the past, awareness of identity and of immediate sensations, and control of bodily movements, often resulting from traumatic experiences, intolerable problems, or disturbed relationships. Etiopatogenezis of dissociative disorders have not exactly known yet. The process of dissociation is independently associated with several distressing conditions such as psychiatric diagnoses, somatization, current psychological distress, and past sexual and physical victimization. The disturbance may have a sudden or gradual onset and may be temporary or chronic in its course. Dissociation has a negative impact on treatment oucome. Additionaly, dissociative patients may have an insecure attachment pattern negatively affecting the therapeutic relationship. Conceptually, the course of treatment is to improve coping, maintain reality, and establish normal integrative functions. Goals:1.improve thought processes;2.maintain a sense of reality;3.improve coping skills;4.develop stress management abilities;5.increase identity integration.The treatment is possible with psychotherapy or pharmacotherapy or both. We will introduce the CBT approach. Participants will learn:•pharmacological possibilities in the treatment of dissociative disorders;•CBT model of dissociative disorders;•motivational interviewing with dissociative patient;•how to develope therapeutic relationship with dissociative patient;•conceptualization of dissociative disorder with the patient;•Socratic questioning;•working with cognitive, emotional and behavioral avoidance;•exposure technique with dissociative problems;•problem solving.Supported by the research project IGA NR 9323-3.

Interpersonal disturbance in OCD and its place in the professional consultation

People with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) typically experience their relationships with others with a high level of trepidation and bring their anxieties into their work with professionals. We have written this paper to describe experiences of working with people with diagnoses of OCD and the impression that we have formed about the kinds of relationship that builds up in the early stages of this work. We believe that it is important to consider the quality of these professional relationships because of their impact on the patient's ability to benefit from whatever intervention we propose. Here, we place particular attention on the roles of magical thinking, disturbed relationships and the fear of rejection. The perspective presented here is designed to complement those of other approaches to OCD – including the neurological, behavioural and cognitive-behavioural. The following themes relating to the social and interpersonal experiences of people with OCD are examined here: (a) their general tentativeness and uncertainty in social interactions, (b) their fear of being damaged by others in social interactions, (c) their magical thinking relating to damaging others.

Needs of the families of people with schizophrenia

Family therapy for schizophrenia began in the early 1950s, inspired by theories that located the cause of the illness in family dysfunction. The family pathology was seen as stemming from disturbed relationships (Fromm-Reichmann, 1948; Lidz et al, 1956; Laing & Esterson, 1964) and / or distorted communication (Bateson et al, 1956; Wynne & Singer, 1963).

Is Homosexuality Normal?

In 1973 the American Psychiatric Association removed homosexuality from its list of diagnoses, thereby implying that it is a normal variant of sexual behavior. Since then, when homosexuals have sought professional help for emotional problems, psychiatrists have tended increasingly to assist them to believe that their emotional discomfort is the result of society's bias and intolerance and to accept and enjoy their preference for individuals of the same sex. The World Health Organization, however, still includes homosexuality as a medical diagnosis in the International Classification of Diseases. Normally, a child can be expected to develop into an adult with its genetically determined sex. When a boy who is physically and hormonally normal develops a preference for sex with another male, it is an indication that something is amiss. A pathologic family environment is often present in the family of homosexuals. Yet not all boys exposed to a pathologic family during early development become homosexuals. Because of this, the role of disturbed relationships in causing homosexuality is questioned. However, psychoanalyses of male homosexuals have convincingly revealed the existence of a fear of heterosexuality in individuals with genetically predisposed personalities.