Cooperativity, absolute interaction, and algebraic optimization

We consider a measure of cooperativity based on the minimal interaction required to generate an observed titration behavior. We describe the corresponding algebraic optimization problem and show how it can be solved using the nonlinear algebra tool . Moreover, we compute the minimal interactions and minimal molecules for several binding polynomials that describe the oxygen binding of various hemoglobins under different conditions. We compare their minimal interaction with the maximal slope of the Hill plot, and discuss similarities and discrepancies with a view towards the shapes of the binding curves.

The application of new distribution in determining extreme hydrologic events such as floods

In hydrology, statistics of extremes play an important role in the use of time series analysis as well as in planning, design and operation of hydrotechnical structures and water systems. In particular, probability distributions are used to estimate and forecast floods. However, in order to use distributions, the data must be random, with a change-point and should not have a trend. Unfortunately, the data being analyzed are not independent, which is very often due to the anthropogenic impact, among other factors. In situations where various processes generate rainfall and floods in river basins, the use of mixed distributions is recommended. However, an accurate estimation of multiple parameters derived from a mixture of distributions can be difficult, which is the biggest disadvantage of this approach. Therefore, as an alternative, we propose a new extension of the GEV distribution – the Dual Gamma Generalized Extreme Value Distribution (GGEV) developed by Nascimento, Bourguignony and Leão (2016). We compared this distribution with selected 3-parameter distributions: Pearson type III, Log-Normal, Weibull and Generalized Extreme Value. In addition, various methods of estimating 3-parameter distributions were used. As a case study, rivers from Poland and the Czech Republic were investigated, because this has a significant impact on water management in the Upper Oder basin due to the strategic water reservoirs and other hydrotechnical constructions, either existing or planned. Currently, there are no clearly indicated distributions for the Upper Oder basin. Therefore, our aim was to approximate them. Two methods were used, namely the Annual Maximum (AM) and the Peaks Over Threshold (POT). In the latter case, two methods for determining the threshold were used, namely: the Mean of the Annual Maximum River Flows (MAMRF) and the Hill plot. Hence, the basic 3-parameter Weibull distribution, with parameters estimated using the modified method of moments and the maximum likelihood estimation, yielded a better fit to the observation series in the AM and POT methods. For the AM and POT (MAMRF, Hill plot) methods, the GGEV turned out to be the best-fitted distribution according to the Mean Absolute Relative Error (MARE). The GGEV distribution can be used as an alternative to mixed distributions in various samples, both homogeneous and heterogeneous. This distribution turned out to be the best fit especially for the sample whose independence is affected by the presence of a GGEV water reservoir.

Seleksi Beberapa Klon Kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) dari Hasil Persilangan untuk Karakter Daya Hasil Tinggi pada Ekosistem Dataran Tinggi di Ciwidey

<p>Selection of Several Potato Clones (Solanum tuberosum L.) Derived from Crosses for High Yielding on Highland of Ciwidey. Kusmana. Granola and Atlantic are two dominant varieties grown by farmers. So far no other alternative superior varieties that can be used by farmers to develop potato cultivation in the field. The objective of the research was to identify potato clones that were highest yielding in the highland Ciwidey and the potential for multy location evaluation. The experiment was conducted in Ciwidey, Bandung District at altitude 1.400 m above sea level. A total of 41 advanced breeding materials and variety was planted. A Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications was used and an experimental unit consisted of 10 hill/plot. The result indicated that high yielding clones (up to 35.6 t/ha) were obtained clones 29, (43.8 t/ha), 11 (38.2 t/ha), 31 (37.3 t/ha), 13 (36 t/ha) and 35 (35.6 t/ha). Whereas, the variety of Granola as a comparison was yielded only 23.4 t/ha. Clones 9, 22 and 35 were suitable for potato chips. This study indicated that among the genotipes tested, there were superior clones were promissing for potato cultivation in indonesia.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Areal pertanaman kentang cenderung semakin meningkat namun hasil yang dicapai petani masih relatif rendah sehingga diperlukan upaya pemuliaan untuk memperbaiki varietas yang ada. Tujuan penelitian ialah mendapatkan informasi tentang daya hasil 41 klon kentang yang berpotensi hasil tinggi pada ekosistem dataran tinggi Ciwidey. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kecamatan Ciwidey, Kabupaten Bandung elevasi 1.400 m di atas permukaan laut. Rancangan Percobaan yang digunakan ialah Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan tiga ulangan. Jumlah klon yang diuji meliputi 41 klon harapan, termasuk varietas pembanding Granola. Populasi tanaman per plot terdiri atas 10 individu tanaman. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa hasil kentang tertinggi diperoleh pada klon 29 (43,8 t/ha), 11 (38,2 t/ha), 31 (37,3 t/ha), 13 (36 t/ha), dan 35 (35,6 t/ha), sementara hasil varietas pembanding Granola hanya 23,4 t/ha. Klon 9, 22 dan 35 berpotensi sebagai bahan baku industri kripik kentang. Kegiatan ini menghasilkan klon-klon kentang unggul sebagai calon varietas baru yang memberikan kontribusi terhadap peningkatan produksi kentang di Indonesia.</p>

Hill plots for yield evaluation in a doubled haploid recurrent selection program in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

Seven selected doubled haploid lines, from each of three cycles (C0, C1, C2) of a diallel recurrent selection program, the seven original parents and two check cultivars were evaluated in replicated hill and row plots at two locations in Ontario in 1988 and 1989. Comparison of hill and row plots using means ranges, coefficient of variation, repeatability and correlations among traits indicated that grain yield, days to heading plant height and powdery mildew resistance could be evaluated with similar accuracy and precision using either of the methods. Regression of row plot yield on hill plot yield was positive and highly significant showing a strong relationship between the two plot types for grain yield. Selection efficiency in hill plots was high for all the traits. The percentage of lines with similar performance for yield in both the plot types was high. The hill plot method appears to be a useful technique for evaluating homozygous lines for yield and other agronomic traits in a doubled haploid recurrent selection program in six-row barley. Key words:Hordeum vulgare L., barley, breeding methods, yield, powdery mildew, doubled haploid, recurrent selection

The predictive value of parental, F1 and early generation hill-plot testing for yield among rapidly advanced hexaploid triticales

Rapid generation turnover techniques were used to identify parental, single cross or backcross populations with yield potential in triticale. Both complete (complete rye genome) and substituted (2D/2R substitution) triticale karyotypes were crossed. Temperature and light controlled greenhouses, immature seed germination, embryo culture and off season nurseries were used to advance three generations in 11 months. Due to seed limitations in the early generations, hill-plots were used to measure total dry matter, grain yield and harvest index. Mid-parent, F2 and F3 hill-plot yield was equivalent to or better than dry matter and harvest index for the prediction of F4 hill-plot yield. Both hill-plot yield (r = 0.54) and dry matter (r = 0-51) were significantly correlated (P < 0.01) with large plot grain yield at the same site in the same year. The best predictors of F4 hill-plot yield were mid-parent, F2 and F3 mean hill-plot yield with phenotypic correlations of 0- 26� 0.17, 0.3510 -03 and 0.44� 0.06 respectively. The F1 (r = -0.02�0.12) provided no association with F4 hill-plot yield, reflecting the high average heterosis for yield (22%) observed in this material. Mid-parent, F2, F3 and F4 dry matter and yield means were significantly lower in inter-karyotypic crosses than intra-karyotypic crosses; however, the relationship between generations appeared to be independent of karyotype. A response to visual selection of individual spikes from hill-plots was obtained at two sites for dry matter and grain yield.

COMPARISON OF HILL AND ROW PLOTS FOR AGRONOMIC AND QUALITY TRAITS IN SPRING MALTING BARLEY (Hordeum vulgare L.)

Provided they reliably predict row plot performance, hill plots should be useful for doubled haploid recurrent selection in malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). The primary objective of this research was to compare hill and row plot expression of agronomic and malting quality traits in an array of elite spring habit barley germplasm grown under irrigated conditions. A supporting objective was to identify an appropriate seeding rate for hill plot evaluation. Eight-replicate hill plots at four seeding rates (10, 20, 30, and 40 seeds per hill) were compared with adjacent four-replicate row plots in each of three environments. Genotype and genotype × environment interactions were significant for most agronomic traits in both plot types. Significant, linear genotype responses to hill plot seeding rates were observed for most agronomic traits. Seeding rate had no consistent effect on the expression of malting quality. The percentage of lines in common in the two plot types at 25 and 50% selection intensities was the most useful comparison statistic and indicated hill plot selection should be effective for most agronomic and malting quality traits. Although yield heritability estimates were consistently high in both hill and row plots, there was little relationship between trait expression in the two plot types. Differential tillering in response to hill plot competition is likely responsible. A seeding rate of 10 seeds per hill should be appropriate in preliminary screening for traits amenable to hill plot selection in irrigated spring habit malting barley.Key words: Hordeum vulgare L., malting quality, breeding methods, barley