PARTO HUMANIZADO Y LA FUNCIÓN DE ENFERMERÍA EN LOS ESTABLECIMIENTOS DE SALUD PÚBLICA.

Introducción: la humanización del parto asegura el respeto de los derechos fundamentales, reproductivos y sexuales de la gestante y la familia, reduciendo complicaciones perinatales y morbi-mortalidad materno-infantil. Objetivo: Caracterizar el parto humanizado y las funciones de enfermería en los establecimientos de salud pública. Métodos: diseño documental con revisión bibliográfica sobre humanización del parto para lo cual se realizó una búsqueda en bases de datos como: PubMed, Taylor y Francis, LILACS, MEDLINE, BVS, SCIELO, LATINDEX, GOOGLE ACADÉMICO, en idioma español e inglés. Resultados: En base a revisión y análisis de 40 artículos se pudo conocer que el parto humanizado es reconocido mundialmente como una estrategia eficiente para reducir complicaciones perinatales y lograr una maternidad satisfactoria y que a nivel latinoamericano; Brasil, Perú, Argentina, Ecuador, Venezuela y México ya cuentan con iniciativas del sector público, privado y de organizaciones civiles para promocionar parto humanizado, y con ello reducir las tasas de cesáreas, parto instrumentado, morbi-mortalidad materno infantil y lograr una maternidad satisfactoria, segura basada en prácticas no invasivas ni farmacológicas para el alivio del dolor, educación y autorización sobre procedimientos, autonomía, buen trato y respeto por sentimientos y creencias. Conclusiones: En el pato humanizado, el rol de enfermería es esencial sobre todo en los establecimientos públicos en donde se asume maltrato, negligencia o falta de respeto por el parto, por lo que la enfermera está llamada a educar a la parturienta sobre el trabajo de parto y parto. Palabras clave: parto humanizado, atención perinatal, enfermería, recién nacido. ABSTRACT Introduction: the humanization of childbirth ensures respect for the fundamental, reproductive and sexual rights of the pregnant woman and the family, reducing perinatal complications and maternal and infant morbidity and mortality. Objective: To characterize humanized delivery and nursing functions in public health establishments. Methods: documentary design with bibliographic review on the humanization of childbirth for which a search was carried out in databases such as: PubMed, Taylor and Francis, LILACS, MEDLINE, BVS, SCIELO, LATINDEX, GOOGLE ACADEMICO, in Spanish and English. Results: Based on a review and analysis of 40 articles, it was possible to know that humanized delivery is recognized worldwide as an efficient strategy to reduce perinatal complications and achieve a satisfactory maternity and that at the Latin American level; Brazil, Peru, Argentina, Ecuador, Venezuela and Mexico already have initiatives from the public and private sectors and civil organizations to promote humanized delivery, and thereby reduce the rates of cesarean sections, instrumented delivery, maternal and infant morbidity and mortality and achieve motherhood, satisfactory, safe based on non-invasive or pharmacological practices for pain relief, education and authorization on procedures, autonomy, good treatment and respect for feelings and beliefs. Conclusions: In the humanized duck, the role of nursing is essential especially in public establishments where abuse, neglect or lack of respect for childbirth is assumed, so the nurse is called to educate the woman in labor about the labor of labor and delivery. Keywords: humanized delivery, perinatal care, nursing, newborn

Costa Rica's Oversized Role in Latin American Sexual and Reproductive Rights Lawfare

Costa Rica's reputation as a stable democracy and champion of inter-American human rights law makes it both beacon and bellwether for sexual and reproductive rights in the American continent. The Costa Rican government brought cases involving in vitro fertilization and same-sex marriage to the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, which issued historic decisions expanding reproductive and sexual rights across Latin America. In response, a transnational coalition of self-proclaimed pro-life and pro-family organizations has targeted the Organization of American States and its system of inter-American human rights law, calling on the OAS to respect national sovereignty concerning life and family matters. This chapter traces Costa Rica's key role in Latin American sexual and reproductive rights lawfare as well as the resulting backlash.

“New Human Rights” and the Ban on Sexual Intercourse between Relatives. Legal Contemplation

The classic conception of human rights, expressed in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights signed in Paris on December 10, 1948, has been receiving attempts at reinterpretation in the recent 50 years. The appearance of the concept of “new human rights” in the public sphere serves as an example here. However, the scope of the term “new rights” and the precise meaning of “reproductive and sexual rights” are not entirely known. The change in perception of human sexuality, the affirmation of sexual liberation, and the acceptance of violating social taboo in the name of the “new human rights” invites reflection on how the concept of sexual rights relates to the ban on sexual contacts between relatives. Does a ban on incest lose its rationale in modern times, and does the penalisation of such acts constitute merely anachronistic oppression? Are the currently enforced normative solutions clear and free of questions and controversy in this matter? Lastly, one is compelled to inquire whether sexual contacts between relatives are perhaps already among the “new human rights.” The present article endeavours to answer these questions.

An Epidemiology of Premarital Sexual Behaviour in India: Exploring Gender Differences

This article analyzes the social context of increasing premarital sex in India in a gender perspective, which affects the overall contexts, patterns and the characteristics of premarital sexual behaviour. The study has been conducted on data collected from 169,814 unmarried women and 40,003 unmarried men, a part of the Indian Demographic Health Survey (DHS), 2015–2016. Gender differences in premarital sex were pronounced, where unmarried men were five times more likely to have premarital sex (16%) as compared to unmarried women (3%). Cox regression portrays that both men and women at younger ages were significantly more likely to initiate premarital sex. Muslim men were significantly more likely (HR = 1.16 times) to have premarital sex at younger ages. Regional variations in the prevalence of premarital sex are pronounced. Findings reveal that unmarried women with higher education, residing in urban areas and who belong to richest wealth quintile and exposed to regular mass media were more likely to have multiple sexual partners in premarital sex. There is a striking regional variation in the low prevalence of condom use in the premarital sex reported by unmarried men as well as women. In fact, unmarried men were more likely to use condom in their first as well as last premarital sexual encounter than their women counterparts. Findings suggest strengthening the empowerment of youth, especially women, through enhancing their reproductive and sexual rights education and promoting safe sexual behaviour in premarital sexual encounters.