Lateral/Directional Control Law Design for Civil Airplane Based on Eigen Structure Assignment

Considering disadvantages of lateral/directional mode characteristics of civil aircraft, design requirements are thus presented and the P-Beta control law architecture is adopted for the lateral/directional control law. Meanwhile, the practical application of eigen structure assignment in the design of lateral/directional control law is studied. By eigen structure assignment the closed loop is designed, and the decoupling of roll channel and yaw channel is realized. Through the design of feed-forward command channel, the pilot’s stick control roll rate and pedal control sideslip angle are realized. Simulation results show that the designed lateral/directional flight control law could meet design requirements.

Novel Real-Time Library Search driven data acquisition strategy for identification and characterization of metabolites.

Identification and structural characterization of novel metabolites in drug discovery or metabolomics experiments is one of the most challenging tasks. Multi-level fragmentation (MSn) based approaches combined with various dissociation modes are frequently utilized for facilitating structure assignment of the unknown compounds. As each of the MS precursors undergoes MSn, the instrument cycle time can limit the total number of precursors analyzed in a single run for complex samples. This necessitates splitting data acquisition into several LC/MS analyses where the results obtained in one acquisition inform the experimental design for the successive experiment. Here we present a new LC/MS data acquisition strategy, termed Met-IQ, where the decision to perform an MSn acquisition is automatically made in real time based on the similarity between an acquired experimental MS2 spectrum and a spectrum in a reference spectral library. Each MS2 spectrum is searched in real time against the spectra for the known compounds of interest. If a similarity to a spectrum in the library is found, the instrument performs a decision-dependent event, such as an MS3 scan. Compared to an intensity-based, data-dependent MSn experiment, only a selective number of MS3 are triggered using Met-IQ, increasing the overall MS2 instrument sampling rate. We applied this strategy to an Amprenavir sample incubated with human liver microsomes. The number of MS2 scan events increased nearly 3.5-fold compared to the standard data dependent experiment where MS3 was triggered for each precursor ion, resulting in identification and structural characterization of 55% more unique metabolites. Furthermore, the MS3 precursor fragments were selected intelligently, focusing on higher mass fragments of sufficient intensity to maximize acquisition of MS3 data relevant for structure assignment. The described Met-IQ strategy is not limited to metabolism experiments, and can be applied to analytical samples where the detection of unknown compounds structurally related to a known compound(s) is sought.

Development and Characterization of Microsatellite Markers, Genetic Diversity and Population Structure Analysis in Sapota (Manilkara Zapota (L.) P. Royen)

Manilkara zapota (L.) P. Royen, a widely adaptable and popular tree meant for its appetizing fruits in tropics with no genomic resources like microsatellite markers. In order to develop genomic markers primarily for sapota, we sequenced partial genomic DNA using next generation sequencing technology on the Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform. We analyzed a total of 3.3 Gb data that were assembled into 6396224 contigs. From these contigs, 3591 simple sequence repeats were identified. Among the different type of repeats mononucleotide repeats (59.1%) were predominant followed by dinucleotide (28.6%) and trinucleotide repeats (8.2%). Primers were designed for 1285 microsatellite regions from which 30 randomly selected primers were standardized and employed for amplification in 53 genotypes of sapota. We observed 692 alleles from 30 loci with a polymorphic information content ranged from 0.85 to 0.96 with a mean of 0.9118. The probability of identity ranged from 0.002 to 0.043 with a mean of 0.012. Genetic diversity assessed by neighbour-joining and STRUCTURE assignment tests showed admixed population with 3 groups. Analysis of molecular variance revealed a significant F st value of 0.69659 indicating high genetic differentiation among the 53 genotypes. The developed microsatellites will be advantageous in assessing genetic diversity, developing linkage map and also molecular characterization of genotypes

Development and Characterization of Microsatellite Markers, and Genetic Diversity Sapota (Manilkara Zapota (L.) P. Royen)

Manilkara zapota (L.) P. Royen, commonly known as sapota, a widely adaptable and popular evergreen tree meant for its appetizing fruits in tropics, but lacks genomic resources such as microsatellite markers. To develop the genomic markers for M. zapota, we sequenced the partial genomic DNA using next-generation sequencing technology on the Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform. We analysed a total of 3.33 Gb data that were assembled into 6,396,224 contigs, from which 3591 simple sequence repeats were identified. Among the different type of repeats, mononucleotide repeats (59.1%) were predominant, followed by dinucleotide (28.6%) and trinucleotide repeats (8.2%). Primers were designed for 1285 M. zapota microsatellite regions from which 30 randomly selected primers were standardized and employed for amplification of 53 genotypes. We observed 692 alleles from 30 loci with a polymorphic information content ranging from 0.85 to 0.96, a mean of 0.9118. The probability of identity ranged from 0.002 to 0.043 with a mean of 0.012. Genetic diversity assessed by neighbour-joining and STRUCTURE assignment tests showed an admixed population with three groups. Analysis of molecular variance revealed a significant Fst value of 0.69659, indicating a high genetic differentiation among the 53 genotypes. The microsatellites developed here will be beneficial for assessing the genetic diversity, developing linkage map and also molecular characterization of genotypes.

Total Syntheses of the C19 Diterpenoid Alkaloids (–)-Talatisamine, (–)-Liljestrandisine, and (–)-Liljestrandinine by a Fragment Coupling Approach

<p>The C19 aconitine-type diterpenoid alkaloids (–)-talatisamine, (–)-liljestrandisine, and (–)-liljestrandinine have been prepared in 31, 30, and 33 steps, respectively, from phenol. The synthetic approach features a 1,2-addition/semi-pinacol rearrangement as the key fragment coupling tactic. These efforts have also resulted in a correction to the original structure assignment of (–)-liljestrandisine.</p>