Coordinated State Analysis and Differential Regulation of Territorial Spatial Functions in Underdeveloped Regions: A Case Study of Gansu Province, China

The coordinated development of territorial spatial functions is the main manifestation of the sustainable utilization of territorial resources. Identifying spatial functions and their coordinated relationship has become an important guarantee for regional coordinated development, and is of great significance to the construction of a sustainable land development and protection pattern. This study constructs a classification and function scoring system for Production-Living-Ecological Spaces (PLES) by using land-use data from Gansu Province in 2000 and 2020, and revises the spatial functions of the land to supplement the deficiencies of existing related researches by combining socio-economic data (GDP, population density) and ecosystem service value data. In the aforementioned works, the Mechanical Equilibrium Model in physics is referenced to explore the coordinated state among territorial spatial functions. The results show that the high-value areas of production function are mainly distributed in the eastern and central areas of the Loess Plateau, with a strip-like distribution in the Hexi Corridor. The high-value areas of living function are consistent with that in the center of the city. The distribution of high-value areas of ecological function is in line with the topographic distribution pattern of mountainous areas in Gansu Province. The distribution pattern of the coordinated state of land space function in Gansu Province is relatively stable from 2000 to 2020. Simultaneously, the functional dominant area and the promotion area are identified according to the deviation of the coordinated degree of production-living-ecological function. After clarifying the functional characteristics of each county, the author proposes a differentiated regulation strategy of territorial spatial function.

Evaluation of new molecule of insecticides against pod fly (Melanagromyza obtusa) of pigeon pea

Pod fly [Melanagromyza obtusa (Malloch)] is a key biotic constraint for productivity in subsistence crop protection pattern; its damage varies up to 80%; has been estimated about US $ 256 million annually. The research trial was accomplished at Research Farm of SASRD, Nagaland University during Kharif 2011 and 2012 in order to evaluate the new molecules against pod fly. The experiment was consisted 6 treatments (Trizophos 500 g ai. ha-1, Emamectine benzoate 11 g ai. ha-1, Emamectine benzoate 11 g ai. ha-1 + Acetamiprid 30 g ai. ha-1, Flubendiamide 47 g ai. ha-1, Chlorantraniliprole 40 g ai. ha-1 and Spinosade 75 g ai. ha-1) compare with control. The lowest pod damage (9.7% and 9.3%), lowest grain damage (5.3% and 5%) and highest grain yield (1202 kg ha-1 and 1209 kg ha-1) were obtained from Chlorantraniliprole followed by Emamectine benzoate+ Acetamiprid, Spinosade, Emamectine benzoate, Flubendiamide, Trizophos and all the treatments were significantly superior over control. The highest B: C ratio reward (1:4.24) was obtained from Chlorantraniliprole. The results indicated that Chlorantraniliprole was more effectual against pod damage, grain damage, yield and B: C ratio. The safer chemical control methods reduce the pod damage, grain damage and higher yield with high benefit: cost ratio, so therefore chemical control popularizes as an effective, practical alternative and makes lucrative cultivation of pigeon pea. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v12i1.21115 SAARC J. Agri., 12(1): 89-95 (2014)

Amide solvent protection analysis demonstrates that amyloid-β(1–40) and amyloid-β(1–42) form different fibrillar structures under identical conditions

AD (Alzheimer's disease) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by self-assembly and amyloid formation of the 39–43 residue long Aβ (amyloid-β)-peptide. The most abundant species, Aβ(1–40) and Aβ(1–42), are both present within senile plaques, but Aβ(1–42) peptides are considerably more prone to self-aggregation and are also essential for the development of AD. To understand the molecular and pathological mechanisms behind AD, a detailed knowledge of the amyloid structures of Aβ-peptides is vital. In the present study we have used quenched hydrogen/deuterium-exchange NMR experiments to probe the structure of Aβ(1–40) fibrils. The fibrils were prepared and analysed identically as in our previous study on Aβ(1–42) fibrils, allowing a direct comparison of the two fibrillar structures. The solvent protection pattern of Aβ(1–40) fibrils revealed two well-protected regions, consistent with a structural arrangement of two β-strands connected with a bend. This protection pattern partly resembles the pattern found in Aβ(1–42) fibrils, but the Aβ(1–40) fibrils display a significantly increased protection for the N-terminal residues Phe4–His14, suggesting that additional secondary structure is formed in this region. In contrast, the C-terminal residues Gly37–Val40 show a reduced protection that suggests a loss of secondary structure in this region and an altered filament assembly. The differences between the present study and other similar investigations suggest that subtle variations in fibril-preparation conditions may significantly affect the fibrillar architecture.

Characterization of the Putative Replisome Organizer of the Lactococcal Bacteriophage r1t

ABSTRACT Analysis of the nucleotide sequence of the genome of the lactococcal bacteriophage r1t showed that it may encode at least two proteins involved in DNA replication. On the basis of its similarity with the G38P protein encoded by the Bacillus subtilis phage SPP1, the product of orf11 (Pro11) is thought to be involved in the initiation of phage DNA replication. This protein was overexpressed in Lactococcus lactis and partially purified. Gel retardation analysis using various r1t DNA fragments indicates that Pro11 specifically binds to a sequence located within its cognate gene. DNase I footprinting showed that Pro11 protects a stretch of DNA of 47 bp. This region spans four 6-bp short direct repeats, which suggests that the region contains four binding sites for Pro11. 1,10-Phenanthroline-copper footprinting confirmed the protection of the hexamers. An asymmetric protection pattern of each strand was observed, suggesting that Pro11 contacts each DNA strand separately at contiguous hexamers. We propose a model for the binding of Pro11 to its target sites that may account for the torsion strain required for strand opening at the origin of replication.