THERMALIZATION AND IONIZATION OF METAL ATOMS OF OPERATING ENVIRONMENT AT A METAL ION-SPATTERING SOURCE

Fast atoms sputtered on a hot metal surface were suggested for thermalization at a metal ion-sputtering source and for further desorption into a discharge with temperature, which is equal to the temperature of the surface. In the suggested construction of the source, atom thermalization process is realized on an interior surface of an anode of the Penning discharge cell in an oscillation area of ionizing electrons. It has been experimentally shown that the proposed method of thermalization of Fe atoms increases the fraction of Fe+ ions in the extracted ion beam by three times.

Removal of isopropyl alcohol by electrical discharge from an aqueous solution with microbubbles

The removal of isopropyl alcohol impurities with an initial volume concentration of 20 % in a cell with a working area volume of 831 cm 3 in a water flow with fine air bubbles with a solution flow rate of 2 m 3/h by a quasi-volume electric discharge obtained using a multi-electrode system of sectioned needle electrodes has been experimentally investigated. At an alternating voltage of an industrial frequency of 50 Hz, the creation of a finely dispersed phase with air bubbles in an electric discharge cell increases the efficiency of isopropyl alcohol removal from the water flow by 6 %.

IGNITION DELAY REDUCTION IN THE SYNGAS-O2 MIXTURE DUE TO EXCITATION OF O2 MOLECULES TO THE A1-G STATE

Experimental studies of the influence of singlet delta oxygen on the ignition delay of syngas-oxygen mixture are performed in a low-pressure flow reactor at a pressure of 16 mbar in a temperature range of 860-930 K. Glow discharge is used for the production of O2(a1As) molecules. The discharge cell and ducts for oxygen plasma supply are covered by HgO in order to decrease the concentrations of oxygen atoms and ozone molecules which are the effective deactivators of O2(a1As) molecules. Diagnostics of O2(a1 -g) and O3 concentrations both in the mixer and along the flow reactor is executed. It is shown that the presence of a small amount of O2(a1As) molecules (4% of the total oxygen) result in the 10%-20% reduction of the induction length in the temperature range 860-930 K. The effect of such an amount of O2(a1 -g) molecules is equivalent to the 30-kelvin heating of the whole mixture. It is revealed on the basis of combined experimental and numerical studies that at low pressure (at least at ~ 10-20 bar), the deactivation of O2(a1As) molecules on the reactor walls contributes significantly to a decrease in the singlet oxygen concentration along the reactor. This effect should be taken into consideration during modeling of the ignition process at low-pressure conditions.

4 V room-temperature all-solid-state sodium battery enabled by a passivating cathode/hydroborate solid electrolyte interface

A self-passivating cathode/electrolyte interface achieves stable, room-temperature long-term cycling of 4 V-class Na3(VOPO4)2F|Na4(CB11H12)2(B12H12)|Na all-solid-state sodium batteries with the highest reported discharge cell voltage and cathode-based specific energy.