scholarly journals THERMALIZATION AND IONIZATION OF METAL ATOMS OF OPERATING ENVIRONMENT AT A METAL ION-SPATTERING SOURCE

2021 ◽  
pp. 99-102
Author(s):  
V.A. Baturin ◽  
P.A. Litvinov ◽  
S.A. Pustovoitov ◽  
O.Yu. Roenko
Keyword(s):  
Metal Surface ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Ion Sputtering ◽  
Hot Metal ◽  
Operating Environment ◽  
Interior Surface ◽  
Metal Atoms ◽  
Discharge Cell ◽  
Fe Ions

Fast atoms sputtered on a hot metal surface were suggested for thermalization at a metal ion-sputtering source and for further desorption into a discharge with temperature, which is equal to the temperature of the surface. In the suggested construction of the source, atom thermalization process is realized on an interior surface of an anode of the Penning discharge cell in an oscillation area of ionizing electrons. It has been experimentally shown that the proposed method of thermalization of Fe atoms increases the fraction of Fe+ ions in the extracted ion beam by three times.

Ion Beam Imaging Methodology of Invisible Metal under Insulator Using High Energy Electron Beam Charging

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.H. Wang ◽  
S.P. Chang ◽  
C.F. Chang ◽  
J.Y. Chiou
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ion ◽  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Electrical Measurement ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
High Energy Electron ◽  
Common Assumption ◽  
Dual Beam ◽  
Imaging Methodology

Abstract Focused ion beam (FIB) is a popular tool for physical failure analysis (FA), especially for circuit repair. FIB is especially useful on advanced technology where the FIB is used to modify the circuit for new layout verification or electrical measurement. The samples are prepared till inter-metal dielectric (IMD), then a hole is dug or a metal is deposited or oxide is deposited by FIB. A common assumption is made that metal under oxide can not be seen by FIB. But a metal ion image is desired for further action. Dual beam, FIB and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), tools have a special advantage. When switching back and forth from SEM to FIB the observation has been made that the metal lines can be imaged. The details of this technique will be discussed below.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Corrosion Behavior of a-C:H/DLC Film-Coated Titanium Substrate in Simulated PEMFC Environment

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 820
Author(s):  
Beibei Han ◽  
Mengyuan Yan ◽  
Dongying Ju ◽  
Maorong Chai ◽  
Susumu Sato
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Titanium Substrate ◽  
Corrosion Current ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Bipolar Plates ◽  
High Adhesion ◽  
Corrosion Behaviors

The amorphous hydrogenated (a-C:H) film-coated titanium, using different CH4/H2 and deposition times, was prepared by the ion beam deposition (IBD) method, which has the advantage of high adhesion because of the graded interface mixes at the atomic level. The chemical characterizations and corrosion behaviors of a-C:H film were investigated and evaluated by SEM, AFM, Raman spectroscopy, EPMA, TEM and XPS. An a-C:H film-coated titanium was corroded at 0.8 V, 90 °C in a 0.5 mol/L H2SO4 solution for 168 h. The metal ion concentration in the H2SO4 corrosion solution and the potentiodynamic polarization behavior were evaluated. Results indicate that a higher CH4/H2 of 1:0 and a deposition time of 12 h can result in a minimum ID/IG ratio of 0.827, Ra of 5.76 nm, metal ion concentration of 0.34 ppm in the corrosion solution and a corrosion current of 0.23 µA/cm2. The current density in this work meets the DOE’s 2020 target of 1 µA/cm2. Electrical conductivity is inversely proportional to the corrosion resistance. The significant improvement in the corrosion resistance of the a-C:H film was mainly attributed to the increased sp3 element and nanocrystalline TiC phase in the penetration layer. As a result, the a-C:H film-coated titanium at CH4/H2 = 1:0 with improved anti-corrosion behavior creates a great potential for PEMFC bipolar plates.

scholarly journals The Study of Magnetic Properties for Non-Magnetic Ions Doped BiFeO3

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4061
Author(s):  
Yongtao Li ◽  
Liqing Liu ◽  
Dehao Wang ◽  
Hongguang Zhang ◽  
Xuemin He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Local Structure ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Co Doping ◽  
Magnetic Ions ◽  
X Ray Absorption ◽  
Fe Ions

BiFeO3 is considered as a single phase multiferroic. However, its magnetism is very weak. We study the magnetic properties of BiFeO3 by Cu and (Cu, Zn). Polycrystalline samples Bi(Fe0.95Cu0.05)O3 and BiFe0.95(Zn0.025Cu0.025)O3 are prepared by the sol-gel method. The magnetic properties of BiFe0.95(Zn0.025Cu0.025)O3 are greater than that of BiFeO3 and Bi(Fe0.95Cu0.05)O3. The analyses of X-ray absorption fine structure data show that the doped Cu atoms well occupy the sites of the Fe atoms. X-ray absorption near edge spectra data confirm that the valence state of Fe ions does not change. Cu and Zn metal ion co-doping has no impact on the local structure of the Fe and Bi atoms. The modification of magnetism by doping Zn can be understood by the view of the occupation site of non-magnetically active Zn2+.

scholarly journals Field Emission from Carbon Films Deposited by Controlled-Low-Energy Beams and CVD Sources

1999 ◽  
Vol 585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas H. Lowndes ◽  
Vladimir I. Merkulov ◽  
L. R. Baylor ◽  
G. E. Jellison ◽  
D. B. Poker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Field Emission ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Pyrolytic Graphite ◽  
Carbon Film ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Carbon Films ◽  
Damage Site

AbstractThe principal interests in this work are energetic-beam control of carbon-film properties and the roles of doping and surface morphology in field emission. Carbon films with variable sp3-bonding fraction were deposited on n-type Si substrates by ArF (193 nm) pulsed-laser ablation (PLA) of a pyrolytic graphite target, and by direct metal ion beam deposition (DMIBD) using a primary Cs+ beam to generate the secondary C- deposition beam. The PLA films are undoped while the DMIBD films are doped with Cs. The kinetic energy (KE) of the incident C atoms/ions was controlled and varied over the range from ∼25 eV to ∼175 eV. Earlier studies have shown that C films' sp3-bonding fraction and diamond-like properties can be maximized by using KE values near 90 eV. The films' surface morphology, sp3–bonding fraction, and Cs-content were determined as a function of KE using atomic force microscopy, TEM/EELS, Rutherford backscattering and nuclear reaction measurements, respectively. Field emission (FE) from these very smooth undoped and Cs-containing films is compared with the FE from two types of deliberately nanostructured carbon films, namely hot-filament chemical vapor deposition (HF-CVD) carbon and carbon nanotubes grown by plasma-enhanced CVD. Electron field emission (FE) characteristics were measured using ∼25-μm, ∼5-μm and ∼1-μm diameter probes that were scanned with ∼75 nm resolution in the x-, y-, and z-directions in a vacuum chamber (∼5 × 10-7 torr base pressure) equipped with a video camera for viewing. The hydrogen-free and very smooth a-D or a-C films (with high or low sp3 content, and with or without ∼1% Cs doping) produced by PLD and DMIBD are not good field emitters. Conditioning accompanied by arcing was required to obtain emission, so that their subsequent FE is characteristic of the arc-produced damage site. However, deliberate surface texturing can eliminate the need for conditioning, apparently by geometrical enhancement of the local electric field. But the most promising approach for producing macroscopically flat FE cathodes is to use materials that are highly nanostructured, either by the deposition process (e.g. HF-CVD carbon) or intrinsically (e.g. carbon nanotubes). HF-CVD films were found to combine a number of desirable properties for FE displays and vacuum microelectronics, including the absence of conditioning, low turn-on fields, high emission site density, and apparent stability and durability during limited long-term testing. Preliminary FE measurements revealed that vertically aligned carbon nanotubes are equally promising.

Ga-ion beam surface modification of glass using a custom-built liquid metal ion beam

2022 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 014901
Author(s):  
Byeong Jun Cha ◽  
Woo Jun Byeon ◽  
Chang Min Choi ◽  
Boo Ki Min ◽  
Jinwan Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Modification ◽  
Liquid Metal ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Beam Surface

Field emission properties of nitrogen-doped diamond-like carbon films deposited by direct metal ion beam deposition

2001 ◽  
Vol 697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kie Moon Song ◽  
Namwoong Paik ◽  
Steven Kim ◽  
Daeil Kim ◽  
Seongjin Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Emission ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Nitrogen Doping ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Diamond Like Carbon ◽  
Emission Data ◽  
Nitrogen Doped ◽  
Ion Beam Deposition ◽  
Beam Deposition

AbstractNitrogen-doped diamond-like carbon (DLC) films were deposited on a silicon substrate by direct metal ion beam deposition (DMIBD). Partial pressures of nitrogen gas were changed to get different compositions of nitrogen in the DLC films. The composition and surface morphology of the films were examined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic force microscope (AFM). Effect of nitrogen doping on field emission property was studied. The field emission data indicated that the nitrogen doping lowered the turn-on field and increase the current density. It was believed that doping of nitrogen into the DLC film plays an important role in enhancement of the field emission. This enhancement of field emission could be explained by the improvement of electron transport through nitrogen-dope DLC layer.

Effects of reactive gas addition on ionization of metal atoms in droplet-free metal ion sources

2007 ◽  
Vol 201 (15) ◽  
pp. 6655-6659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiji Nakamura ◽  
Akira Wakayama ◽  
Ken Yukimura
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ion ◽  
Ion Sources ◽  
Metal Atoms ◽  
Free Metal ◽  
Free Metal Ion ◽  
Reactive Gas

scholarly journals Amorphous Formation on Metal Surface by an Intense Pulsed Ion Beam Irradiation

1995 ◽  
Vol 115 (10) ◽  
pp. 1030-1031
Author(s):  
Mitsuyasu YATSUZUKA ◽  
Tohru YAMASAKI ◽  
Yoshiyuki HASHIMOTO ◽  
Hitoshi UCHIDA
Keyword(s):  
Metal Surface ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Beam Irradiation ◽  
Ion Beam Irradiation

scholarly journals Isotypic MnIIand FeIIbinuclear complexes of the ligand 5,6-bis(pyridin-2-yl)-pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (10) ◽  
pp. 1412-1416
Author(s):  
Monserrat Alfonso ◽  
Helen Stoeckli-Evans
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Dicarboxylic Acid ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Inversion Symmetry ◽  
Π Interactions ◽  
Metal Atoms ◽  
Hydrogen Bonded

The title isotypic complexes, bis[μ-5,6-bis(pyridin-2-yl)pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylato]-κ4N1,O2,N6:O3;κ4O3:N1,O2,N6-bis[diaquamanganese(II)] tetrahydrate, [Mn2(C16H8N4O4)2(H2O)4]·4H2O, (I), and bis[μ-5,6-bis(pyridin-2-yl)pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylato]-κ4N1,O2,N6:O3;κ4O3:N1,O2,N6-bis[diaquairon(II)] tetrahydrate, [Fe2(C16H8N4O4)2(H2O)4]·4H2O, (II), are, respectively, the manganese(II) and iron(II) complexes of the ligand 5,6-bis(pyridin-2-yl)-pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid. The complete molecule of each complex is generated by inversion symmetry. Each metal ion is coordinated by a pyrazine N atom, a pyridine N atom, two carboxylate O atoms, one of which is bridging, and two water O atoms. The metal atoms haveMN2O4coordination geometries and the complexes have a cage-like structure. In the crystals of both compounds, the complexes are linked by O—H...O and O—H...N hydrogen bonds involving the coordinating water molecules, forming chains along [100]. These chains are linked by O—H...O hydrogen bonds involving the non-coordinating water molecules, forming layers parallel to (011). The layers are linked by pairs of C—H...O hydrogen bonds and offset π–π interactions, so forming a hydrogen-bonded three-dimensional framework.

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