Between-Year and Within-Year School Mobility: Different Effects by Race/Ethnicity

The current study investigated the effects of school mobility on the academic achievement of different racial/ethnic groups in four cohorts of students from a very large urban school district. In this study, I compared within-year and between-year mobility and, most importantly, account for all the schools students attended over the study period. Using a multiple membership model (MMM), the findings confirmed that, for all student groups, academic achievement was affected more by within-year school mobility than between-year school mobility. Black students had the highest mobility rates, both for between- and within-year mobility. Although Asian-American students achieved higher reading and math scores on average, they were more negatively impacted by within-year school mobility compared to other groups. The current study was able to pinpoint the students most at risk for negative outcomes following within-year mobility. The findings are discussed in the context of policy recommendations that can be adopted by school districts.

Develop a numerical approach of fuzzy logic type-2 to improve the reliability of a hydraulic automated guided vehicles

Purpose In this paper, the uncertainties important components and the structure status are obtained by using the condition monitoring, expert groups and multiple membership functions by creating a fuzzy system in MATLAB software. Design/methodology/approach In the form of fuzzy type, the average structural safety must be followed to replace the damages or to absolutely control the decision-making. Uncertainty in the functionality of hydraulic automated guided vehicles (AGVs), without knowing the reliability of pieces, can cause failure in the manufacturing process. It can be controlled by the condition monitoring pieces done by measurement errors and ambiguous boundaries. Findings As a result, this monitoring could increase productivity with higher quality in delivery in flexible manufacturing systems with an increase of 70% reliability mutilation for the hydraulic AGV parts. Originality/value Hydraulic AGVs play a vital role in flexible manufacturing in recent years. Lately, several strategies for maintenance and repairing of hydraulic AGVs exist in the industry but are still confronted with many uncertainties. The hydraulic AGV is faced with uncertainty after 10 years of working in terms of reliability. Reconstruction of the old parts with the new parts may not have the quality and durability.

The whole is more than the mean of its parts. The multilevel structure of coalition government outcomes.

In this paper, I propose a new statistical method to represent the complex multilevel structure of coalition government data. The method opens up opportunities to model and test theories on the interplay of agents in their collective impact on entities, which bears the potential to advance our understanding of other research areas characterized by interdependence structures, such as multi-party wars, treaties, and international organizations. I model the interdependence structure by endogenizing the weights of a multiple membership multilevel model (MMMM). This approach allows for a flexible weighting of coalition parties in their effect on governments conditional on the interdependencies among them. To the best of my knowledge, this is the first time that the weights of an MMMM have been endogenized. With this paper, I provide the R package ‘Rmm’ to estimate such models for a variety of outcomes (linear, logit, conditional logit, Cox, Weibull) in a user-friendly way.

Q-Rung Probabilistic Dual Hesitant Fuzzy Sets and Their Application in Multi-Attribute Decision-Making

The probabilistic dual hesitant fuzzy sets (PDHFSs), which are able to consider multiple membership and non-membership degrees as well as their probabilistic information, provide decision experts a flexible manner to evaluate attribute values in complicated realistic multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) situations. However, recently developed MADM approaches on the basis of PDHFSs still have a number of shortcomings in both evaluation information expression and attribute values integration. Hence, our aim is to evade these drawbacks by proposing a new decision-making method. To realize this purpose, first of all a new fuzzy information representation manner is introduced, called q-rung probabilistic dual hesitant fuzzy sets (q-RPDHFSs), by capturing the probability of each element in q-rung dual hesitant fuzzy sets. The most attractive character of q-RPDHFSs is that they give decision experts incomparable degree of freedom so that attribute values of each alternative can be appropriately depicted. To make the utilization of q-RPDHFSs more convenient, we continue to introduce basic operational rules, comparison method and distance measure of q-RPDHFSs. When considering to integrate attribute values in q-rung probabilistic dual hesitant fuzzy MADM problems, we propose a series of novel operators based on the power average and Muirhead mean. As displayed in the main text, the new operators exhibit good performance and high efficiency in information fusion process. At last, a new MADM method with q-RPDHFSs and its main steps are demonstrated in detail. Its performance in resolving practical decision-making situations is studied by examples analysis.

Membership and Global Legal Pluralism

Community is the building block of global legal pluralism. The state has been the dominant normative community in a global perspective. That reflected sociological realities on the ground. Global legal pluralism understands that the state no longer preempts other forms of community. Much of the legal pluralist literature considers the complex dynamic interaction of normative communities, state and nonstate. But it does little to consider from a normative perspective how those communities are constituted. This chapter maps a global legal pluralist approach to membership. It addresses questions relating to entry, exit, and expulsion. It does so with respect to membership in the state as well as membership in nonstate communities. It also considers issues relating to multiple membership. The chapter closes with some speculations on global citizenship, suggesting that membership in a global community has become meaningfully supplemental to membership in other communities. The chapter deploys archetypal cases, some real, some hypothetical, to illustrate membership’s consequence.